Protein methylation in behavioural control mechanisms and in signal transduction

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes methyl groups can be added to and removed from the carboxyl groups of proteins. Recent work has revealed that these reactions have a role in several behavioural phenomena. The nature of this role has been uncovered in one case—that of bacterial chemotaxis.

[1]  H. Berg,et al.  Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli analysed by Three-dimensional Tracking , 1972, Nature.

[2]  D. Koshland,et al.  Role of Methionine in Bacterial Chemotaxis , 1974, Journal of bacteriology.

[3]  J. Adler,et al.  Properties of Mutants in Galactose Taxis and Transport , 1974, Journal of bacteriology.

[4]  J. Axelrod,et al.  Rapid Stimulation of protein carboxymethylation in leukocytes by a chemotactic peptide , 1978, Nature.

[5]  R. Snyderman,et al.  Requirement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation for human monocyte chemotaxis. , 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  J. Axelrod,et al.  Enzymatic methylation of carboxyl groups of chromaffin granule membrane proteins. , 1978, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[7]  J. Adler,et al.  Methylation of a membrane protein involved in bacterial chemotaxis. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  S. Harayama,et al.  Mutants in transmission of chemotactic signals from two independent receptors of E. coli , 1979, Cell.

[9]  D E Koshland,et al.  Receptor interactions in a signalling system: competition between ribose receptor and galactose receptor in the chemotaxis response. , 1976, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  J. Adler,et al.  Chemoreceptors in bacteria. , 1969, Science.

[11]  M. Simon,et al.  Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli: methylation of che gene products. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  D. Brown,et al.  Temporal stimulation of chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. , 1974, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  R. Macnab,et al.  Inversion of a behavioral response in bacterial chemotaxis: explanation at the molecular level. , 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  G. L. Hazelbauer.  Maltose chemoreceptor of Escherichia coli , 1975, Journal of bacteriology.

[15]  H. Berg.  Chemotaxis in bacteria. , 1975, Annual review of biophysics and bioengineering.

[16]  J. Adler,et al.  Identification of a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein for the ribose and galactose chemoreceptors of Escherichia coli. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  T Iino,et al.  Genetics of structure and function of bacterial flagella. , 1977, Annual review of genetics.

[18]  H. Berg,et al.  Dynamic properties of bacterial flagellar motors , 1974, Nature.

[19]  J. Adler,et al.  Failure of sensory adaptation in bacterial mutants that are defective in a protein methylation reaction , 1978, Cell.

[20]  T. Silhavy,et al.  Involvement of a tryptophan residue in the binding site of Escherichia coli galactose-binding protein. , 1974, Biochemistry.

[21]  P. Greengard.  Phosphorylated proteins as physiological effectors. , 1978, Science.

[22]  R. Macnab.  Bacterial motility and chemotaxis: the molecular biology of a behavioral system. , 1978, CRC critical reviews in biochemistry.

[23]  J. Adler,et al.  Role of methionine in bacterial chemotaxis: requirement for tumbling and involvement in information processing. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[24]  W. Paik,et al.  STUDIES ON THE NATURAL SUBSTRATE FOR PROTEIN METHYLASE II IN MAMMALIAN BRAIN AND BLOOD , 1975, Journal of neurochemistry.

[25]  J. Adler,et al.  Sensory transduction in Escherichia coli: role of a protein methylation reaction in sensory adaptation. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[26]  D. Koshland,et al.  Identification of a protein methyltransferase as the cheR gene product in the bacterial sensing system. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  D E Koshland,et al.  A response regulator model in a simple sensory system. , 1977, Science.

[28]  J. Adler,et al.  Sensory transduction in Escherichia coli: two complementary pathways of information processing that involve methylated proteins. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  J. Adler,et al.  "Decision"-Making in Bacteria: Chemotactic Response of Escherichia coli to Conflicting Stimuli , 1974, Science.

[30]  J. Adler,et al.  Isolation of glutamic acid methyl ester from an Escherichia coli membrane protein involved in chemotaxis. , 1977, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[31]  J. S. Parkinson.  Behavioral genetics in bacteria. , 1977, Annual review of genetics.

[32]  R. Macnab,et al.  The gradient-sensing mechanism in bacterial chemotaxis. , 1972, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  J. Adler,et al.  Role of the galactose binding protein in chemotaxis of Escherichia coli toward galactose. , 1971, Nature: New biology.

[34]  J. Lengeler.  Nature and properties of hexitol transport systems in Escherichia coli , 1975, Journal of bacteriology.

[35]  H. Berg,et al.  Transient response to chemotactic stimuli in Escherichia coli. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  Daniel E. Koshland,et al.  A ribose binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium. , 1972, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[37]  J. Adler,et al.  Phosphotransferase-system enzymes as chemoreceptors for certain sugars in Escherichia coli chemotaxis. , 1974, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[38]  J B Armstrong,et al.  Nonchemotactic Mutants of Escherichia coli , 1967, Journal of bacteriology.

[39]  O. Koiwai,et al.  Studies on bacterial chemotaxis. II. Effect of cheB and cheZ mutations on the methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein of Escherichia coli. , 1979, Journal of biochemistry.

[40]  J. S. Parkinson,et al.  Complementation analysis and deletion mapping of Escherichia coli mutants defective in chemotaxis , 1978, Journal of bacteriology.

[41]  D. Galloway,et al.  The role of ribose-binding protein in transport and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli K12. , 1977, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[42]  M. Simon,et al.  Synthesis of mot and che gene products of Escherichia coli programmed by hybrid ColE1 plasmids in minicells , 1977, Journal of bacteriology.

[43]  Richard L. Miller.  Chemotaxis of the spermatozoa of Ciona intestinalis , 1975, Nature.

[44]  M. Simon,et al.  Flagellar rotation and the mechanism of bacterial motility , 1974, Nature.

[45]  D. Koshland,et al.  Use of a distant reporter group as evidence for a conformational change in a sensory receptor. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[46]  A. Hill.  Excitation and Accommodation in Nerve , 1936 .

[47]  G. Ordal.  Calcium ion regulates chemotactic behaviour in bacteria , 1977, Nature.

[48]  M. Liss,et al.  Evidence for a methylated protein intermediate in pituitary methanol formation. , 1973, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[49]  S. Kim.  Purification and properties of protein methylase II. , 1970, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[50]  J. Adler,et al.  Pleiotropic aspartate taxis and serine taxis mutants of Escherichia coli. , 1979, Journal of general microbiology.

[51]  J. Axelrod,et al.  Pituitary Gland: Enzymic Formation of Methanol from S-Adenosylmethionine , 1965, Science.

[52]  J. Adler,et al.  Sensory transduction in Escherichia coli: a requirement for methionine in sensory adaptation. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[53]  P. Greengard.  Possible role for cyclic nucleotides and phosphorylated membrane proteins in postsynaptic actions of neurotransmitters† , 1976, Nature.

[54]  H. Berg,et al.  Bacteria Swim by Rotating their Flagellar Filaments , 1973, Nature.

[55]  P. P. van der Werf,et al.  Identification of a gamma-glutamyl methyl ester in bacterial membrane protein involved in chemotaxis. , 1977, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[56]  D. Koshland,et al.  A protein methylesterase involved in bacterial sensing. , 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[57]  J. Adler,et al.  Methanol formation in vivo from methylated chemotaxis proteins in Escherichia coli. , 1979, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[58]  W. Hubbell,et al.  Visual transduction in vertebrate photoreceptors. , 1979, Annual review of neuroscience.

[59]  W. D. Yushok.  Cellular mechanisms in differentiation and growth , 1957 .

[60]  M. Simon,et al.  Identification of polypeptides necessary for chemotaxis in Escherichia coli , 1977, Journal of bacteriology.

[61]  J. Adler.  Chemotaxis in Bacteria , 1966, Science.

[62]  J. Axelrod,et al.  REGIONAL AND SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEIN CARBOXYMETHYLASE IN BRAIN AND OTHER TISSUES , 1976, Journal of neurochemistry.

[63]  A. Maxam,et al.  Methylation of protein by calf spleen methylase. A new protein methylation reaction. , 1969, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[64]  D. Koshland,et al.  Quantitation of the sensory response in bacterial chemotaxis. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[65]  J. Nathanson.  Cyclic nucleotides and nervous system function. , 1977, Physiological reviews.

[66]  David W. Martin,et al.  Role of S-adenosylhomocysteine in adenosine-mediated toxicity in cultured mouse T lymphoma cells , 1977, Cell.

[67]  J. S. Parkinson,et al.  Sensory adaptation mutants of E. coli , 1978, Cell.

[68]  D E Koshland,et al.  Common Mechanism for Repellents and Attractants in Bacterial Chemotaxis , 1973, Science.

[69]  J. Adler,et al.  Change in direction of flagellar rotation is the basis of the chemotactic response in Escherichia coli , 1974, Nature.

[70]  J. Axelrod,et al.  Characterization and substrate specificity of a protein carboxymethylase in the pituitary gland. , 1974, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.