TÜRKİYE’DE KENTLEŞME VE KENTLEŞME MODELLERİ Urbanisation and Urbanisation Models in Turkey

Urbanisation developments have accelarated in Turkey since 1950’s. Urbanisation process quite low before 1950 gained momentum due to migrations from rural to urban regions following that year. Considering the period of time until 1980’s, it is clear that urban population increase is generally higher in industrial cities, such as Istanbul, Batman, Kırıkkale, Adana and its neighborhood, Karabük and Ereğli, which are only a few examples in view of industrial-based growth of population between 1950 and 1980. In addition to the above mentioned industrialisation, the two significant developments emerged, namely tourism and terror phenomenon in eastern part of Turkey. It follows from the data at hand that touristic processes lead to significant population growth in such centers as Antalya, Alanya, Marmaris, Fethiye, Manavgat etc. On the other hand, terror actions severely affected rural regions of southeastern and eastern Anatolia and caused rural population to move to various centers in the related regions, such as Van, Şırnak, Diyarbakır, Hakkari, Bismil, Viranşehir, Yukarıova, Siverek which are faced with dramatic migration waves in particularly. One can say that urbanisation phenomenon in Turkey has developed mainly within the frame of three models, of which is industry which is the oldest and most effective one larger scale. Urbanisation models induced by tourism and terror is of greater, newer and more regional character than that of industrialization-based urbanisation. Urbanisation caused by tourism emerged along narrow sealine of western Anatolia, whereas the model triggered by terror formed a very typical urbanisation process in some cities of East and Southeast Anatolia. The significant difference of such urbanisation from other models is that the population in the regional cities is not permanent, due to their poor economic potentialities.