A survey on wireless sensor networks deployment

In recent years extensive research has opened challenging issues for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployment. Among numerous challenges faced while designing architectures and protocols, maintaining connectivity and maximizing the network lifetime stand out as critical considerations. WSNs are formed by a large number of resource-constrained and inexpensive nodes, which has an impact on protocol design and network scalability. Sensor networks have enabled a range of applications where the objective is to observe an environment and collect information about the observed phenomena or events. This has lead to the emergence of a new generation sensor networks called sensor actuator networks. Approaches developed to query sensor-actuator networks (SANETs) are either application-specific or generic. Application-specific SANETs provide limited reusability, are net cost effective and may require extensive programming efforts to make the network able to serve new applications. A WSNs should be able to operate for long time with little or no external management. The sensor nodes must be able to configurate themselves in the presence of adverse situations. In this work, dealing with challenges for WSNs deployment, we start with mobility-based communication in WSNs. Then, we introduce service-oriented SANETs (SOSANETs) as an approach to build customizable SANETs. In the second part, we describe localization systems and analyze self configurability, situation awareness and intrusion detection system. In the third part, we present wireless distributed detection as well as a model for WSN simulation. Finally, conclusions and proposals for future research are given.