Mini steel-plants in India, using electric-arc furnaces for steel manufacturing, are highly energy intensive. In the context of increasing electricity prices and the introduction of time varying electricity rates by utilities, mini steel-plants can reschedule their operations to reduce their electricity bills. This paper presents a load model, which incorporates the characteristics of batch-type loads common to any type of process industry. The model is coupled with an optimisation formulation utilising integer programming for minimising the total electricity-cost satisfying production, process flow and storage constraints for different tariff structures. The methodology proposed can be used for determining the optimal response for any industry under time varying tariffs. The case study of a steel plant shows that significant reductions in peak-period demand (about 50%) and electricity cost (about 5.7%) are possible with optimal-load schedules. The utility can also get significant reduction in the peak coincident demand if large industries optimally reschedule their productions in response to time-of-use (TOU) tariff.
[1]
Colin L. Moodie,et al.
Hierarchical production planning for a modern steel manufacturing system
,
1989
.
[2]
C. Pantelides,et al.
A simple continuous-time process scheduling formulation and a novel solution algorithm
,
1996
.
[3]
Zhonghui Luo,et al.
An milp formulation for load-side demand control
,
1998
.
[4]
D. Mignon,et al.
Peak utility load reduction in batch processes operated periodically and under uncertainty
,
1996
.
[5]
Mats Carlsson,et al.
Constraint-Based Resource Allocation and Scheduling in Steel Manufacturing
,
1999,
PADL.
[6]
G. Reklaitis,et al.
Optimal scheduling of cyclic batch processes for heat integration. I: Basic formulation
,
1995
.
[7]
Chuin-Shan Chen,et al.
Response of large industrial customers to electricity pricing by voluntary time-of-use in Taiwan
,
1995
.
[8]
Pedro M. Castro,et al.
Dynamic modelling and scheduling of an industrial batch system
,
2002
.
[9]
Norihisa Komoda,et al.
A Scheduling System with a Lot Division Strategy in Steel Manufacturing
,
1999
.