Compressed domain image classification using a multi-rate neural network

Compressed domain image classification aims to directly perform classification on compressive measurements generated from the single-pixel camera. While neural network approaches have achieved state-of-the-art performance, previous methods require training a dedicated network for each different measurement rate which is computationally costly. In this work, we present a general approach that endows a single neural network with multi-rate property for compressed domain classification where a single network is capable of classifying over an arbitrary number of measurements using dataset-independent fixed binary sensing patterns. We demonstrate the multi-rate neural network performance on MNIST and grayscale CIFAR-10 datasets. We also show that using the Partial Complete binary sensing matrix, the multi-rate network outperforms previous methods especially in the case of very few measurements. © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

[1]  Gabriela Csurka,et al.  Visual categorization with bags of keypoints , 2002, eccv 2004.

[2]  Pavan K. Turaga,et al.  Reconstruction-Free Action Inference from Compressive Imagers , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[3]  David L Donoho,et al.  Compressed sensing , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[4]  Richard G. Baraniuk,et al.  From Denoising to Compressed Sensing , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[5]  Richard G. Baraniuk,et al.  The smashed filter for compressive classification and target recognition , 2007, Electronic Imaging.

[6]  Pavan K. Turaga,et al.  Rate-Adaptive Neural Networks for Spatial Multiplexers , 2018, ArXiv.

[7]  Richard G. Baraniuk,et al.  Compressive Sensing , 2008, Computer Vision, A Reference Guide.

[8]  Emmanuel J. Candès,et al.  Decoding by linear programming , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[9]  Jimmy Ba,et al.  Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization , 2014, ICLR.

[10]  Alex Krizhevsky,et al.  Learning Multiple Layers of Features from Tiny Images , 2009 .

[11]  Ting Sun,et al.  Single-pixel imaging via compressive sampling , 2008, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[12]  M E Gehm,et al.  Compressive sensing in the EO/IR. , 2015, Applied optics.

[13]  Chinmay Hegde,et al.  Compressive image acquisition and classification via secant projections , 2015 .

[14]  R. Calderbank,et al.  Compressed Learning : Universal Sparse Dimensionality Reduction and Learning in the Measurement Domain , 2009 .

[15]  Richard G. Baraniuk,et al.  A new compressive imaging camera architecture using optical-domain compression , 2006, Electronic Imaging.

[16]  Pavan K. Turaga,et al.  Direct inference on compressive measurements using convolutional neural networks , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

[17]  Miles J. Padgett,et al.  Principles and prospects for single-pixel imaging , 2018, Nature Photonics.

[18]  Jian Wang,et al.  Reconstruction-free inference on compressive measurements , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW).

[19]  Yin Zhang,et al.  A Compressive Sensing and Unmixing Scheme for Hyperspectral Data Processing , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[20]  Michael Elad,et al.  Compressed Learning: A Deep Neural Network Approach , 2016, ArXiv.

[21]  Yun Li,et al.  Recent results in single-pixel compressive imaging using selective measurement strategies , 2015, Sensing Technologies + Applications.

[22]  Richard G. Baraniuk,et al.  Learned D-AMP: Principled Neural Network based Compressive Image Recovery , 2017, NIPS.

[23]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Scale-Space and Edge Detection Using Anisotropic Diffusion , 1990, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[24]  Matthew A. Herman Compressive Sensing with Partial-Complete, Multiscale Hadamard Waveforms , 2013 .

[25]  Yoshua Bengio,et al.  Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition , 1998, Proc. IEEE.

[26]  Deanna Needell,et al.  Stable Image Reconstruction Using Total Variation Minimization , 2012, SIAM J. Imaging Sci..

[27]  E.J. Candes Compressive Sampling , 2022 .

[28]  David G. Lowe,et al.  Object recognition from local scale-invariant features , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[29]  Wai Lam Chan,et al.  A single-pixel terahertz imaging system based on compressed sensing , 2008 .