Emittance growth in heavy ion recirculators

We make analytic estimates of emittance growth in recirculating heavy ion fusion beams by developing a set of moment equations which include the first order effects of energy dispersion of particles traversing a circular or racetrack-shaped accelerator, and by assuming transverse energy conservation. We compare our results to those of detailed 3-D simulations of small scale recirculators using the WARP code. We further apply our results to the recirculator drier designs.