An Overview of Magneto- and Electro-Rheological Fluids and their Applications in Fluid Power Systems

Abstract The rapid change in viscosity of magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological (ER) fluids subjected to a magnetic or an electric field, respectively, has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, as MR fluids show higher yield stress than ER fluids, they have merited more attention during the last few years. In this paper we present an overview of magneto- and electrorheological fluids, their basic properties, behaviour under different flow types and their uses in fluid power systems, among others.

[1]  F. Filisko,et al.  PARAMETERS AFFECTING LAMELLAR FORMATIONS IN ER FLUIDS: AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR ER ACTIVITY , 2001 .

[2]  J. Makin,et al.  METHODOLOGY, PERFORMANCE AND PROBLEMS IN ER CLUTCH BASED POSITIONING MECHANISMS , 1999 .

[3]  Seung-Bok Choi,et al.  Comparison of Field-Controlled Characteristics between ER and MR Clutches , 1999 .

[4]  John Matthew Ginder,et al.  Synthesis and Properties of Novel Magnetorheological Fluids Having Improved Stability and Redispersibility , 1999 .

[5]  Seung-Bok Choi,et al.  Control Characteristics of ER Devices , 1999 .

[6]  A. Johnson,et al.  Interactive Dynamic, Thermodynamic and Electrical Studies on an Electronically Adjustable ER Linear Reversing Mechanism , 1999 .

[7]  허남건,et al.  자기장 및 유동 해석을 이용한 자기유변 클러치의 성능 예측 및 검증 ( Design analysis and experimental evaluation of an MR fluid clutch ) , 1999 .

[8]  Yakov Khodorkovsky,et al.  Electrorheological Squeeze-Flow Shock Absorber , 1999 .

[9]  William Kordonski,et al.  Fundamentals of Magnetorheological Fluid Utilization in High Precision Finishing , 1999 .

[10]  J. Carlson,et al.  Viscoelastic Properties of Magneto- and Electro-Rheological Fluids , 1994 .

[11]  H. Block,et al.  Recent Developments in ER Fluids , 1995 .

[12]  Noritsugu Umehara,et al.  ER Fluid Finishing Using Rotating Electrode , 1999 .

[13]  G. A. Flores,et al.  Medical Applications of Magnetorheological Fluids a Possible New Cancer Therapy , 1999 .

[14]  W. Cao,et al.  Smart materials and structures. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  Masami Nakano,et al.  Dynamic Viscoelasticity and Its Mechanical Model of an MR Suspension in Oscillatory Slit Flow Mode , 1999 .

[16]  J. L. Sproston,et al.  Electrorheological Fluids in Squeeze under AC and DC Excitation , 1999 .

[18]  W. M. Winslow.  Induced Fibration of Suspensions , 1949 .

[19]  Seung-Bok Choi,et al.  Active Control of ER Valves with Application to Seaport Cargo Handling System , 1999 .

[20]  C Wolff-Jesse,et al.  Examination of flow behaviour of electrorheological fluids in the flow mode , 1998 .

[21]  Masami Nakano,et al.  Dynamic Viscoelasticity of a Magnetorheological Fluid in Oscillatory Slit Flow , 1999 .

[22]  Jung-Ho Park,et al.  A micro ER valve fabricated by micromachining , 2001, Technical Digest. MEMS 2001. 14th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (Cat. No.01CH37090).

[23]  Weijia Wen,et al.  New Electrorheological Fluid: Theory and Experiment , 1997 .

[24]  Faramarz Gordaninejad,et al.  HEATING OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID DAMPERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY , 2000 .

[25]  Jing Liu,et al.  Rheology of a Magnetorheological Fluid , 1996 .

[26]  J. Carlson,et al.  A model of the behaviour of magnetorheological materials , 1996 .

[27]  Daniel J. Klingenberg,et al.  Electro- and magneto-rheology , 1998 .

[28]  Norman M. Wereley,et al.  Quasi-Steady Herschel-Bulkley Analysis of Electroand Magneto-Rheological Flow Mode Dampers , 1999 .

[29]  K. Edamura,et al.  New Polishing Method with Magnetic Congelation Liquid , 1999 .

[30]  H. J. Richter,et al.  MR FLUIDS WITH NANO-SIZED MAGNETIC PARTICLES , 1996 .

[31]  Anhydrous Electrorheological Fluid Using Carbonaceous Particulate as Dispersed Phase , 1995 .

[32]  P. Phulé,et al.  Synthesis of Novel Magnetorheological Fluids , 1998 .

[33]  Masami Nakano,et al.  PWM Flow Rate Control of ER Valve and its Application to ER Actuator Control , 1999 .

[34]  Jong Hyuk Park,et al.  Micro ER valve using homogeneous ER fluids and its application to micro fluid control system , 2000, 2000 26th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IECON 2000. 2000 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation. 21st Century Technologies.

[35]  J. Phillips.  Pensions , 1909, The Indian Medical Gazette.

[36]  Billie F. Spencer,et al.  Modeling and Control of Magnetorheological Dampers for Seismic Response Reduction , 1996 .

[37]  Larry Dean Elie,et al.  Controllable-stiffness components based on magnetorheological elastomers , 2000, Smart Structures.

[38]  Junji Furusho,et al.  New Actuators Using ER Fluid and Their Applications to Force Display Devices in Virtual Reality and Medical Treatments , 1999 .

[39]  J. Carlson,et al.  MR fluid, foam and elastomer devices , 2000 .

[40]  Seung-Bok Choi,et al.  Position control of an er valve-cylinder system via neural network controller , 1997 .

[41]  Frank E. Filisko.  Overview of ER Technology , 1995 .

[42]  Yoshihiro Ishibashi,et al.  A Novel Mechanism of Electrorheological Effect in Polymer Blends , 1999 .

[43]  John Matthew Ginder,et al.  Magnetorheological elastomers: properties and applications , 1999, Smart Structures.

[44]  J. David Carlson,et al.  Low-Cost MR Fluid Sponge Devices , 1999 .

[45]  D. J. Brookfield,et al.  Compensator-based position control of an electrorheological actuator , 1999 .

[46]  Norman M. Wereley,et al.  Double Adjustable Shock Absorbers Using Electrorheological Fluid , 1999 .

[47]  Shinichi Yokota,et al.  Micro in-pipe mobile machines by making use of an electro-rheological fluid , 1997, Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robot and Systems. Innovative Robotics for Real-World Applications. IROS '97.

[48]  F. Filisko,et al.  Flow profiles of electrorheological suspensions: An alternative model for ER activity , 1999 .

[49]  Andrejs Cebers,et al.  Flow-induced structures in magnetorheological suspensions , 1999 .

[50]  Chun-Ying Lee,et al.  Characteristics of an electro-rheological fluid valve used in an inkjet printhead , 2000 .

[51]  Eckhard Wendt,et al.  A New Type of Hydraulic Actuator Using Electrorheological Fluids , 1999 .

[52]  Shinichi Yokota,et al.  Actuators Making Use of Electro-Rheological Fluids: Movable Electrode Type ER Actuators , 1999 .

[53]  J. M. Ginder,et al.  Rheology Controlled by Magnetic Fields , 2003 .

[54]  M. Kohl.  Fluidic actuation by electrorheological microdevices , 2000 .

[55]  Rongjia Tao,et al.  Enhance the Yield Shear Stress of Magnetorheological Fluids , 2001 .

[56]  D. J. Brookfield,et al.  Robot torque and position control using an electrorheological actuator , 1998 .

[57]  S. Yokota,et al.  A Pressure Control Valve Using MR Fluid , 1999 .

[58]  Shinichi Yokota,et al.  ACTUATORS MAKING USE OF ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS (PROPOSITION OF MOVABLE ELECTRODE TYPE ER ACTUATORS) , 2000 .

[59]  D. Golini,et al.  Progress Update in Magnetorheological Finishing , 1999 .

[60]  S. Genç,et al.  The role of the dispersed-phase remnant magnetization on the redispersibility of magnetorheological fluids , 1999 .

[61]  Shinichi Yokota,et al.  A Mini Valve in Application of Electro-Rheological Fluids , 1996 .

[62]  John L. Sproston,et al.  A Comparison between Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Fluids Subjected to Impulsive Loads , 1999 .

[63]  Seung-Bok Choi,et al.  H∞ control of a flexible gantry robot arm using smart actuators , 1999 .

[64]  Shinichi Yokota,et al.  Movable electrode-type ER actuators (proposal of linear-type and rotary-type METERA) , 1999, Proceedings 1999 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Human and Environment Friendly Robots with High Intelligence and Emotional Quotients (Cat. No.99CH36289).

[65]  DYNAMIC VISCOELASTICITY IN OSCILLATORY SLIT FLOW OF AN ER SUSPENSION CONTAINING SULFONATED POLYMER PARTICLES , 1999 .

[66]  W. I. Kordonski,et al.  Magnetorheological Fluid-Based Seal , 1996 .

[67]  W. Bullough.  Electro-Rheological Fluids, Magneto-Rheological Suspensions and Associated Technology , 1996 .

[68]  Novel Materials for Electrorheological Fluids , 1995 .