Monkeypox virus

INTRODUCTION ......... ..................................... I HISTORICAL NOTE ........... ................................... 2 Recognition of Monkeypox in Nonhuman Primates ....... ..................... 2 Human Infection with Monkeypox Virus ..................................... 3 CLASSIFICATION .......... .................................... 3 MONKEYPOX VIRUS AS AN INFECTIOUS AGENT ...... ................... 4 Physical and Chemical Properties .............................................. 4 Growth Characteristics in Cultured Cells ..................................... 5 Cytopathic Effect ............ .................................. 5 Plaque Formation ............. .................................. 5 Viral Multiplication .............. ................................ 5 Growth on Chorioallantoic Membrane .......................................... 6 Hemagglutinin Production .............................................. 6 Antigenic Composition .............. ................................ 7 INFECTIONS IN ANIMAL HOSTS ............................................ 7 Host Range .............................................. 7 Routes of Transmission .............................................. 7 Clinical Manifestations .............................................. 7 Pathogenesis .............................................. 9 Viremia .............................................. 10 Histopathology ........ ...................................... 10 Antibody Responses ........... ................................... 10 Cross Immunity ........ ...................................... 10