Acting Superior But Actually Inferior?: Correlates and Consequences of Workplace Arrogance

Accounts of arrogant employees abound, yet there is little systematic research on arrogance within organizations. In response to this oversight, this article presents the findings from four studies. In Studies 1 and 2, the authors developed the Workplace Arrogance Scale and found support for its convergent and discriminant validity. In Study 3, the Workplace Arrogance Scale was included as part of a 360-degree performance feedback survey. Results revealed that there was satisfactory agreement between self- and other-ratings of arrogance. The authors also found that arrogance was negatively related to self- and other-rated task performance. Findings from Study 4 suggested that arrogance is negatively related to cognitive ability and self-esteem. The authors conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

[1]  H. Kraemer,et al.  Summated Rating Scale Construction An Introduction , 2009 .

[2]  B. Sugar,et al.  My View from the Corner: A Life in Boxing , 2007 .

[3]  Mathew L. A. Hayward Ego Check: Why Executive Hubris is Wrecking Companies and Careers and How to Avoid the Trap , 2007 .

[4]  Jordan P. LaBouff,et al.  Development and initial validation of an implicit measure of humility relative to arrogance , 2006 .

[5]  T. Judge,et al.  Loving yourself abundantly: relationship of the narcissistic personality to self- and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. , 2006, The Journal of applied psychology.

[6]  Tapabrata Maiti,et al.  Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.) , 2006 .

[7]  David P. Levine,et al.  The corrupt organization , 2005 .

[8]  S. Silverman,et al.  When employees at work don't get it: A model for enhancing individual employee change in response to performance feedback , 2005 .

[9]  R. Kline Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 2nd ed. , 2005 .

[10]  Haofei Ma,et al.  Leaders Beware:: Some Sure Ways to Lose Your Competitive Advantage , 2005 .

[11]  Dusya Vera,et al.  Strategic Virtues:: Humility as a Source of Competitive Advantage , 2004 .

[12]  Robin M. Kowalski,et al.  Lying, Cheating, Complaining, and Other Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors: A Narrative Examination of the Darker Side of Relationships , 2003 .

[13]  Leslie B. Hammer,et al.  A field study of frame-of-reference effects on personality test validity. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[14]  Paul E. Spector,et al.  Narcissism and Counterproductive Work Behavior: Do Bigger Egos Mean Bigger Problems? , 2003 .

[15]  Mark J. Stein Unbounded Irrationality: Risk and Organizational Narcissism at Long Term Capital Management , 2003 .

[16]  Robin M. Kowalski,et al.  Behaving badly: Aversive behaviors in interpersonal relationships. , 2001 .

[17]  B. Weiner,et al.  Accounts for Success as Determinants of Perceived Arrogance and Modesty , 2000 .

[18]  R. Baumeister,et al.  The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory , 2000 .

[19]  Duane T. Wegener,et al.  Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. , 1999 .

[20]  C Fernández-Araóz Hiring without firing. , 1999, Harvard business review.

[21]  L. R. Goldberg A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models , 1999 .

[22]  P. Bentler,et al.  Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives , 1999 .

[23]  Roy F. Baumeister,et al.  Freudian Defense Mechanisms and Empirical Findings in Modern Social Psychology: Reaction Formation, Projection, Displacement, Undoing, Isolation, Sublimation, and Denial , 1998 .

[24]  B. Bushman,et al.  Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: does self-love or self-hate lead to violence? , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[25]  Rex B. Kline,et al.  Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling , 1998 .

[26]  James W. Smither Performance appraisal : state of the art in practice , 1998 .

[27]  F. Schmidt,et al.  The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. , 1998 .

[28]  E. Higgins,et al.  Beyond pleasure and pain. , 1997, The American psychologist.

[29]  Mathew L. A. Hayward,et al.  Explaining the Premiums Paid for Large Acquisitions: Evidence of CEO Hubris , 1997 .

[30]  J. Bermúdez,et al.  Personality Psychology in Europe , 1997 .

[31]  M. Leary,et al.  Blowhards, Snobs, and Narcissists , 1997 .

[32]  P. Costa,et al.  Personality trait structure as a human universal. , 1997, The American psychologist.

[33]  J. Hogan,et al.  Issues and non‐issues in the fidelity–bandwidth trade‐off , 1996 .

[34]  R. Cialdini,et al.  Self-presentational responses to success in the organization: The costs and benefits of modesty. , 1996 .

[35]  D. Harrison,et al.  Structural Properties and Psychometric Qualities of Organizational Self-Reports: Field Tests of Connections Predicted by Cognitive Theory , 1996 .

[36]  J. Leslie,et al.  A Look at Derailment Today: North America and Europe. , 1996 .

[37]  Paul E. Spector Summated rating scale construction , 1991 .

[38]  L. J. Williams,et al.  Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors , 1991 .

[39]  Murray R. Barrick,et al.  THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND JOB PERFORMANCE: A META-ANALYSIS , 1991 .

[40]  R. Bies,et al.  Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome , 1989 .

[41]  D. Day,et al.  Personality and job performance: Evidence of incremental validity. , 1989 .

[42]  D. Organ Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. , 1988 .

[43]  Robert A Emmons,et al.  Narcissism: theory and measurement. , 1987, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[44]  B. R. Schlenker,et al.  Audiences' reactions to self-enhancing, self-denigrating, and accurate self-presentations , 1982 .

[45]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[46]  E. Carmines,et al.  Analyzing models with unobserved variables: analysis of covariance structures , 1981 .

[47]  D. Larcker,et al.  STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS WITH UNOBSERVABLE VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT ERROR , 1981 .

[48]  C. Hall,et al.  A Narcissistic Personality Inventory , 1979, Psychological reports.

[49]  I. Ajzen,et al.  Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. , 1977 .

[50]  Robert J. House,et al.  Role conflict and ambiguity as critical variables in a model of organizational behavior , 1972 .

[51]  D. J. Lee Society and the Adolescent Self-Image , 1969 .

[52]  M. Rosenberg Society and the adolescent self-image , 1966 .

[53]  D. Marlowe,et al.  A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. , 1960, Journal of consulting psychology.