Advanced quantum supremacy using a hybrid algorithm for linear systems of equations

A wealth of quantum algorithms developed during the past decades brought about the concept of quantum supremacy. The state-of-the-art noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, although imperfect, enable certain computational tasks that are demonstrably beyond the capabilities of modern classical supercomputers. However, present quantum computations are restricted to probing the quantum processor power, whereas implementation of specific full-scale quantum algorithms remains a challenge. Here we realize hybrid quantum algorithm for solving a linear system of equations with exponential speedup that utilizes quantum phase estimation, one of the exemplary core protocols for quantum computing. Our experiment carried out on superconducting IBMQ devices reveals the main shortcomings of the present quantum processors, which must be surpassed in order to boost quantum data processing via phase estimation. The developed algorithm demonstrates quantum supremacy and holds high promise to meet practically relevant challenges.

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