Functionally separated networks for self-paced and externally-cued motor execution in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from deep brain recordings in humans

&NA; Spatially segregated cortico‐basal ganglia networks have been proposed for the control of goal‐directed and habitual behavior. In Parkinson's disease, selective loss of dopaminergic neurons regulating sensorimotor (habitual) behavior might therefore predominantly cause deficits in habitual motor control, whereas control of goal‐directed movement is relatively preserved. Following this hypothesis, we examined the electrophysiology of cortico‐basal ganglia networks in Parkinson patients emulating habitual and goal‐directed motor control during self‐paced and externally‐cued finger tapping, respectively, while simultaneously recording local field potentials in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and surface EEG. Only externally‐cued movements induced a pro‐kinetic event‐related beta‐desynchronization, whereas beta‐oscillations were continuously suppressed during self‐paced movements. Connectivity analysis revealed higher synchronicity (phase‐locking value) between the STN and central electrodes during self‐paced and higher STN to frontal phase‐locking during externally‐cued movements. Our data provide direct electrophysiological support for the existence of functionally segregated cortico‐basal ganglia networks controlling motor behavior in Parkinson patients, and corroborate the assumption of Parkinson patients being shifted from habitual towards goal‐directed behavior.

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