Expressivity of Timed Automata Models

Delaying synchronization of actions may reveal some hidden behavior that would not happen if the synchronization met the specified deadlines. This precise phenomenon makes bisimulation fail to be a congruence for the parallel composition of timed automata with deadlines – a variant of timed automata where component synchronization is delayable, and time progress is controlled by deadlines on transitions instead of invariants on locations. This problem has been known and unsolved for several years. In this chapter we give a characterization of the coarsest congruence that is included in the bisimulation relation. In addition, a symbolic characterization of such a relation is provided and shown to be decidable.

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