Current Status and Future Trends in Frequency-Response Analysis With a Transformer in Service

This paper presents the current status and future trends in the application of the frequency-response analysis (FRA) technique with the transformer in service (online) through bibliographic review and analysis. As a result, three basic stages of the online FRA test have been identified and defined: injection and excitation signal measurement; recording, filtering and processing of measured signals; and curve analysis and interpretation. This work presents an overview of the online FRA technique, useful for subsequent research in this area.

[1]  F. de Leon.  Discussion of "Transformer Modeling for Low- and Mid-Frequency Transients - A Review" , 2008 .

[2]  Ryszard Malewski,et al.  Measurement of switching transients in 735 kV substations and assessment of their severity for transformer insulation , 1988 .

[3]  Hormatollah Firoozi,et al.  Frequency response analysis- condition assessment of power transformers using mathematical and statistical criteria , 2009, 2009 IEEE 9th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials.

[4]  K. D. Srivastava,et al.  Review of condition assessment of power transformers in service , 2002 .

[5]  Yongmin Kim,et al.  Discussion of "Transformer Modeling for Low- and Mid-Frequency Transients—A Review" , 2003 .

[6]  Stefan Ramseier,et al.  El canto de las líneas eléctricas , 2006 .

[7]  A. Setayeshmehr,et al.  On-line monitoring and diagnoses of power transformer bushings , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[8]  Syed Islam,et al.  On the development of transfer function method for fault identification in large power transformers on load , 2000, 2000 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.00CH37132).

[9]  M. Napolitano,et al.  Techniques and experience in on-line transformer condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in ElectraNet SA , 2000, PowerCon 2000. 2000 International Conference on Power System Technology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX409).

[10]  J. Pleite,et al.  An overview of the On Line Application of Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  T. Leibfried,et al.  Diagnostics of power transformers by using the transfer function method , 1999 .

[12]  Mengguang Wang,et al.  Winding movement and condition monitoring of power transformers in service , 2003 .

[13]  A. Singh,et al.  Online Signal Injection Through a Bus-Referenced Current Transformer , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[14]  S. Birlasekaran,et al.  Off/on-line FRA condition monitoring technique for power transformer , 1999 .

[15]  R. Wimmer,et al.  Calculation of the transfer function of a power transformer with online measuring data , 2004 .

[16]  Zhengyan Liu,et al.  Study on harmonic detection method based on FFT and wavelet transform , 2010, 2010 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing Systems.

[17]  A. Singh,et al.  Apparatus for Online Power Transformer Winding Monitoring Using Bushing Tap Injection , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[18]  Pradeep M. Nirgude,et al.  Application of numerical evaluation techniques for interpreting frequency response measurements in power transformers , 2008 .

[19]  M. Melo,et al.  Experience with on-line monitoring of capacitance and tangent delta of condensive bushings , 2008, 2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America.

[20]  D. Della Giustina,et al.  Testing the Broadband Power Line communication for the Distribution grid management in a real operational environment , 2012, International Symposium on Power Electronics Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion.

[21]  T. Leibfried,et al.  Online monitors keep transformers in service , 1998 .

[22]  Ryszard Malewski,et al.  Impulse testing of power transformers using the transfer function method , 1988 .

[23]  T. Leibfried.  Online monitoring of power transformers-system technology and data evaluation , 1999 .

[24]  M. R. Iravani,et al.  Wavelet based on-line disturbance detection for power quality applications , 2000 .

[25]  P. Purkait,et al.  Pattern classification of impulse faults in transformers by wavelet analysis , 2002 .

[26]  S. A. Ryder.  Methods for comparing frequency response analysis measurements , 2002, Conference Record of the the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.02CH37316).

[27]  L. Coffeen,et al.  a New EPRI Commercial Prototype FRA Installation at First Energy , 2009 .

[28]  G. Aponte,et al.  Obtaining the Electrical Impedance Using Wavelet Transform From the Time Response , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[29]  S. R. Paraskar,et al.  Continuous Wavelet Transform for Discrimination between Inrush and Fault Current Transients in Transformer , 2014 .

[30]  Kit Po Wong,et al.  Wavelet-transform-based algorithm for harmonic analysis of power system waveforms , 1999 .

[31]  S. Tenbohlen,et al.  Experienced-based Evaluation of Economic Benefits of On-line Monitoring Systems for Power Transformers , .

[32]  T. Leibfried,et al.  Off-line- and on-line-monitoring of power transformers using the transfer function method , 1996, Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.

[33]  Karen L. Butler-Purry,et al.  Characterization of transients in transformers using discrete wavelet transforms , 2003 .

[34]  Bernardete Ribeiro,et al.  Wavelet Decomposition and Singular Spectrum Analysis for electrical signal denoising , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[35]  B.A. Mork,et al.  Transformer modeling for low- and mid-frequency transients - a review , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[36]  Mehdi Bagheri,et al.  Practical challenges in online transformer winding deformation diagnostics , 2011, 2011 2nd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS).

[37]  C. Bengtsson,et al.  Status and trends in transformer monitoring , 1996 .

[38]  J. C. Gonzales,et al.  Diagnosis of power transformers through Frequency Response Analysis applying multiresolution analysis and pattern classification , 2010, 2010 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America (T&D-LA).

[39]  Anna Scaglione,et al.  For the Grid and Through the Grid: The Role of Power Line Communications in the Smart Grid , 2010, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[40]  T. Leibfried,et al.  Monitoring of power transformers using the transfer function method , 1999 .

[41]  A. Setayeshmehr,et al.  Diagnosing Shorted Turns on the Windings of Power Transformers Based Upon Online FRA Using Capacitive and Inductive Couplings , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[42]  T. Anderson,et al.  Validation of on-line power dynamics measurements , 1999, 1999 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36364).

[43]  T. Leibfried,et al.  On-line monitoring of transformers by means of the transfer function method , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.

[44]  Milos Doroslovacki,et al.  Discrete-time signals and uncertainty relations involving ordinary second moments in time and frequency , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE-SP International Symposium on Time- Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis.

[45]  V. Jagadeesh Kumar,et al.  Online assessment of winding deformation based on optimised excitation , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems.

[46]  A. Setayeshmehr,et al.  On-line monitoring of transformer via transfer function , 2009, 2009 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference.

[47]  J. S. Mayer,et al.  Wavelets and electromagnetic power system transients , 1996 .

[48]  G.M. Kennedy,et al.  Using Cross-Correlation Coefficients to Analyze Transformer Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) Traces , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa - PowerAfrica.

[49]  Jorge Pleite,et al.  Transformer modeling approaches for Frequency Response Analysis , 2010, The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010.

[50]  K. D. Srivastava,et al.  Condition monitoring of transformers in service by the low voltage impulse test method , 1999 .