The detrimental effects of air on silage.

The most important single factor which influences the efficiency with which forage crops are conserved as silage is the degree of anaerobiosis achieved in the completed silo. Air trapped in the crop at harvesting stage and the time of ensiling will have an insignificant effect on the nutrient status of feed. During silo filling operations, however, respiratory activities of the plant material, and more important, those of aerobic microorganisms can result in considerable heat generation and loss of digestibility.

[1]  David M. Thorne,et al.  The effects of formic and propionic acids on the aerobic deterioration of grass silage in laboratory units , 1980 .

[2]  P. Mcdonald,et al.  The effect of some additives on aerobic deterioration of silages , 1975 .

[3]  P. Webbon,et al.  Thirteen cases of botulism in horses fed big bale silage. , 1984, Equine veterinary journal.

[4]  D. Fenlon.  Growth of naturally occurring Listeria spp. in silage: a comparative study of laboratory and farm ensiled grass , 1986 .

[5]  J. Peberdy,et al.  Production of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, by Fusarium graminearum growing on stored grain. I. Grain storage at reduced temperatures. , 1974, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[6]  D. Fenlon.  Rapid quantitative assessment of the distribution of Listeria in silage implicated in a suspected outbreak of listeriosis in calves , 1986, Veterinary Record.

[7]  A. Ciegler,et al.  Studies on aflatoxin detoxification in shelled corn by ensiling , 1970 .

[8]  A. Hacking,et al.  Zearalenone‐producing species of Fusarium on barley seed , 1976 .

[9]  J. McLauchlin.  Listeria monocytogenes, recent advances in the taxonomy and epidemiology of listeriosis in humans. , 1987, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[10]  K. Pettersson,et al.  Microbial dynamics during aerobic deterioration of silages , 1985 .

[11]  E. H. Marth,et al.  Bisulfite Degrades Aflatoxin: Effect of Temperature and Concentration of Bisulfite. , 1978, Journal of Food Protection.

[12]  J. Lacey.  Moulding of grain in relation to mycotoxin formation , 1975 .

[13]  Nancy J. Moon,et al.  Inhibition of the growth of acid tolerant yeasts by acetate, lactate and propionate and their synergistic mixtures , 1983 .

[14]  J. A. Beers,et al.  Acetic acid bacteria can initiate aerobic deterioration of whole crop maize silage , 1988, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[15]  M. Woolford,et al.  Studies on the aerobic deterioration of whole-crop cereal silages , 1982, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[16]  L. O. Ely,et al.  Aerobic Deterioration of Wheat, Lucerne and Maize Silages Prepared with Lactobacillus acidophilus and a Candida spp. , 1980 .

[17]  D. Fenlon,et al.  The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk from farm bulk tanks in north-east Scotland. , 1989, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[18]  D. Fenlon.  Wild birds and silage as reservoirs of Listeria in the agricultural environment. , 1985, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[19]  A. Killinger,et al.  Listeria monocytogenes and listeric infections. , 1966, Bacteriological reviews.

[20]  W. J. Middelhoven,et al.  Development of the yeast flora of whole-crop maize during ensiling and during subsequent aerobiosis. , 1988 .

[21]  K. Harding,et al.  Production and degradation of patulin by paecilomyces species, a common contaminant of silage , 1979 .

[22]  J L Smart,et al.  Poultry waste associated type C botulism in cattle , 1987, Epidemiology and Infection.

[23]  J. E. Cook,et al.  A note on the effect on the aerobic deterioration of maize silage of the manipulation of the microflora by means of antibiotics , 1978 .

[24]  D. Jones,et al.  Media selective for Listeria monocytogenes. , 1969, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[25]  A. Henderson,et al.  Studies on the aerobic stability of commercial silages , 1979 .

[26]  L. Stallones,et al.  Organic dust toxicity (pulmonary mycotoxicosis) associated with silo unloading. , 1986, Thorax.

[27]  S. Spoelstra,et al.  A simulation model of the microbiological and chemical changes accompanying the initial stage of aerobic deterioration of silage. , 1990 .

[28]  H. Welshimer,et al.  Listeria monocytogenes in nature. , 1971, Applied microbiology.

[29]  P. Kalač,et al.  A review of some aspects of possible associations between the feeding of silage and animal health. , 1982, The British veterinary journal.

[30]  P. Gouet,et al.  Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by defined lactic microflora in gnotobiotic silages of lucerne, fescue, ryegrass and maize — Influence of dry matter and temperature , 1977 .

[31]  S. Notermans,et al.  Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum in grass , 1979, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[32]  R. J. Cole,et al.  Mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from silage. , 1977, Annales de la nutrition et de l'alimentation.

[33]  M. Woolford.  Gamma radiation in the preparation of maize silage for studies on the aerobic deterioration process , 1983, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[34]  G. P. Lynch,et al.  Aspergillus fumigatus in samples of moldy silage. , 1973, Journal of dairy science.

[35]  T. N. Barry,et al.  Some observations on aerobic deterioration in untreated silages and in silages made with formaldehyde‐containing additives , 1980 .

[36]  J. Pelhate.  Maize silage: incidence of moulds during conservation. , 1977, Folia veterinaria Latina.

[37]  S. Masaki,et al.  Factors influencing aerobic deterioration of silages and changes in chemical composition after opening silos , 1975 .

[38]  M. L. Gray.  Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from Oat Silage , 1960, Science.

[39]  W. J. Middelhoven,et al.  The yeast flora of ensiled whole-crop maize. , 1986 .

[40]  R. J. Cole,et al.  Mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fumigatus species isolated from molded silage. , 1977, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[41]  A. Wilkie,et al.  Investigations into the role of specific micro-organisms in the aerobic deterioration of maize silage , 1984, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[42]  The influence of heating on silage fermentation and quality. , 1961 .