A Pumping lemma and the structure of derivations in the boundary NLC graph languages

Abstract A pumping lemma is known in the NLC (node-label-controlled) graph languages [4]. However, the pumping lemma has an unnatural point at the first pumping, that is, zero time pumping is not allowed in the pumping lemma. We consider the boundary NLC (BNLC) languages [10]. Then, we obtain a pumping lemma without the unnatural point, similar to one for the NLC graph languages, using the Church-Rosser property of the BNLC graph grammars. We also construct the pumped graphs and provide a constructive proof for our pumping lemma. As a result, we provide the structure of derivations in the BNLC graph grammars and a role of the Church-Rosser property in the NLC graph grammars.