Shape and Charge of Gold Nanomaterials Influence Survivorship, Oxidative Stress and Moulting of Daphnia magna

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are materials with at least one dimension between 1–100 nm. The small size of ENMs results in a large surface area to volume ratio, giving ENMs novel characteristics that are not traditionally exhibited by larger bulk materials. Coupled with large surface area is an enormous capacity for surface functionalization of ENMs, e.g., with different ligands or surface changes, leading to an almost infinite array of variability of ENMs. Here we explore the effects of various shaped (spheres, rods) and charged (negative, positive) gold ENMs on Daphnia magna (D. magna) in terms of survival, ENM uptake and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a key factor in oxidative stress responses. We also investigate the effects of gold ENMs binding to the carapace of D. magna and how this may induce moulting inhibition in addition to toxicity and stress. The findings suggest that ENM shape and surface charge play an important role in determining ENM uptake and toxicity.

[1]  S. Mornet,et al.  Impacts of gold nanoparticle exposure on two freshwater species: a phytoplanktonic alga (Scenedesmus subspicatus) and a benthic bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) , 2008 .

[2]  J. Pardeike,et al.  Lipid nanoparticles (SLN, NLC) in cosmetic and pharmaceutical dermal products. , 2009, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[3]  Catherine J. Murphy,et al.  Surface chemistry, charge and ligand type impact the toxicity of gold nanoparticles to Daphnia magna , 2014 .

[4]  C. Goulden,et al.  Evaluation of a high-hardness COMBO medium and frozen algae for Daphnia magna. , 1998, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.

[5]  V. Subramanian,et al.  Scaling and Optimization of Gravure-Printed Silver Nanoparticle Lines for Printed Electronics , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies.

[6]  R. Hamers,et al.  Effects of charge and surface ligand properties of nanoparticles on oxidative stress and gene expression within the gut of Daphnia magna. , 2015, Aquatic toxicology.

[7]  P. Jain,et al.  Calculated absorption and scattering properties of gold nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition: applications in biological imaging and biomedicine. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[8]  Matthew Boyles,et al.  Is the toxic potential of nanosilver dependent on its size? , 2014, Particle and Fibre Toxicology.

[9]  Anja Coors,et al.  Adaptation to environmental stress in Daphnia magna simultaneously exposed to a xenobiotic. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[10]  Thomas F. George,et al.  Modeling nanophotothermal therapy: kinetics of thermal ablation of healthy and cancerous cell organelles and gold nanoparticles. , 2011, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[11]  D. Becker,et al.  Acute changes in temperature or oxygen availability induce ROS fluctuations in Daphnia magna linked with fluctuations of reduced and oxidized glutathione, catalase activity and gene (haemoglobin) expression , 2011, Biology of the cell.

[12]  C. Bodar,et al.  Ecdysteroids in Daphnia magna: their role in moulting and reproduction and their levels upon exposure to cadmium , 1990 .

[13]  Younan Xia,et al.  Polymer hollow particles with controllable holes in their surfaces , 2005, Nature materials.

[14]  A. Kwade,et al.  Preparation of colloidal carbon nanotube dispersions and their characterisation using a disc centrifuge , 2008 .

[15]  V. Wepener,et al.  Adsorption, uptake and distribution of gold nanoparticles in Daphnia magna following long term exposure. , 2016, Aquatic toxicology.

[16]  P. Jain,et al.  Gold nanoparticles: interesting optical properties and recent applications in cancer diagnostics and therapy. , 2007, Nanomedicine.

[17]  Bernd Nowack,et al.  Probabilistic modelling of prospective environmental concentrations of gold nanoparticles from medical applications as a basis for risk assessment , 2015, Journal of Nanobiotechnology.

[18]  Osamu Hori,et al.  Cellular Stress Responses: Cell Survival and Cell Death , 2010, International journal of cell biology.

[19]  Mona Treguer-Delapierre,et al.  Impact of dietary gold nanoparticles in zebrafish at very low contamination pressure: The role of size, concentration and exposure time , 2012, Nanotoxicology.

[20]  Carsten Schilde,et al.  Biological Surface Coating and Molting Inhibition as Mechanisms of TiO2 Nanoparticle Toxicity in Daphnia magna , 2011, PloS one.

[21]  Heechul Choi,et al.  Removal of arsenic(III) from groundwater by nanoscale zero-valent iron. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[22]  J. Navarro,et al.  Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna exposed to redox cycling compounds. , 2005, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.