Recent Advances in Graft Copolymerization and Applications of Chitosan: A Review

Chitosan is among one of the most important and most studied natural polymers. The cationic nature of chitosan makes it a polymer of high importance from environmental and biomedical point of views among the other natural polysaccharides. However, it also suffers from a few disadvantages and requires further development to achieve the targeted results and desired range of efficiency. To overcome some of the disadvantages of the pristine chitosan, it is most imperative to functionalize it with suitable functional groups. Therefore, it is highly desired to understand the chemistry of the reactions used to alter the surface characteristics of chitosan. Among various techniques presently being used to tailor the surface characteristics of chitosan, graft copolymerization is of the utmost importance. The aim of the present perspective is to describe the recent advances in the graft copolymerization of chitosan with particular emphasis on atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This perspective describes t...

[1]  Lin Li,et al.  Stepped association of comb‐like and stimuli‐responsive graft chitosan copolymer synthesized using ATRP and active ester conjugation methods , 2009 .

[2]  Raju Kumar Gupta,et al.  Graft copolymers from cellulose: synthesis, characterization and evaluation. , 2013, Carbohydrate polymers.

[3]  Shu-ying Gu,et al.  Synthesis and self-assembly of pH-responsive chitosan graft copolymer by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and click chemistry , 2011 .

[4]  Wantai Yang,et al.  Polymer vectors via controlled/living radical polymerization for gene delivery , 2011 .

[5]  Vijay Kumar Thakur,et al.  Review: Raw Natural Fiber–Based Polymer Composites , 2014 .

[6]  M. Jiménez-Castellanos,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of a novel chitosan-N-acetyl-homocysteine thiolactone polymer using MES buffer. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[7]  M. Fabbricino,et al.  Use of chitosan and chitosan-derivatives to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions--a mini review. , 2012, Carbohydrate research.

[8]  M. Elsabee,et al.  Chitosan based nanofibers, review. , 2012, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[9]  Vijay Kumar Thakur,et al.  Recent trends in hydrogels based on psyllium polysaccharide: a review , 2014 .

[10]  M. Nowakowska,et al.  The current view on biological potency of cationically modified chitosan. , 2014, Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society.

[11]  Vijay Kumar Thakur,et al.  Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[12]  Héloïse Ragelle,et al.  Chitosan-based siRNA delivery systems. , 2013, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[13]  S. Yuan,et al.  Poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan microspheres via surface-initiated ATRP for enhanced removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. , 2013, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[14]  V. Thakur,et al.  Synthesis of lignocellulosic polymer with improved chemical resistance through free radical polymerization. , 2013, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[15]  Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah,et al.  Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: A review , 2011 .

[16]  Raju Kumar Gupta,et al.  Development of functionalized cellulosic biopolymers by graft copolymerization. , 2013, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[17]  Peng Liu,et al.  Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of styrene from chitosan particles , 2006 .

[18]  Lin Li,et al.  Thermo-responsive association of chitosan-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous solutions. , 2010, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[19]  S. Hudson,et al.  Synthesis of a well‐defined chitosan graft poly(methoxy polyethyleneglycol methacrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization , 2003 .

[20]  S. Hudson,et al.  Review of vinyl graft copolymerization featuring recent advances toward controlled radical-based reactions and illustrated with chitin/chitosan trunk polymers. , 2001, Chemical reviews.

[21]  Lin Li,et al.  Thermo- and pH-Responsive Association Behavior of Dual Hydrophilic Graft Chitosan Terpolymer Synthesized via ATRP and Click Chemistry , 2010 .

[22]  R. Gupta,et al.  Wood–plastic composites formulated with virgin and recycled ABS , 2009 .

[23]  Amit Bhatnagar,et al.  Applications of chitin- and chitosan-derivatives for the detoxification of water and wastewater--a short review. , 2009, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[24]  Jinying Yuan,et al.  Synthesis of pH- and temperature-responsive chitosan-graft-poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] copolymer and gold nanoparticle stabilization by its micelles , 2011 .

[25]  V. Thakur,et al.  Green aqueous surface modification of polypropylene for novel polymer nanocomposites. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[26]  F. Greco,et al.  Chitosan, hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration: a review. , 2012, Carbohydrate polymers.

[27]  Pooi See Lee,et al.  3D carbon based nanostructures for advanced supercapacitors , 2013 .

[28]  C. Jérôme,et al.  Chitosan-based biomaterials for tissue engineering , 2013 .

[29]  Vijay Kumar Thakur,et al.  Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/thermoset polymer composites. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[30]  Krzysztof Matyjaszewski,et al.  ATRP in the design of functional materials for biomedical applications. , 2012, Progress in polymer science.

[31]  Changkun Liu,et al.  Enhanced and selective adsorption of mercury ions on chitosan beads grafted with polyacrylamide via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[32]  A. Gandini,et al.  Turning polysaccharides into hydrophobic materials: a critical review. Part 2. Hemicelluloses, chitin/chitosan, starch, pectin and alginates , 2010 .

[33]  Lifen Zhang,et al.  Surface Functionalization of Chitosan Nanospheres via Surface-Initiated AGET ATRP Mediated by Iron Catalyst in the Presence of Limited Amounts of Air , 2009 .

[34]  Shantikumar V. Nair,et al.  Biomedical applications of chitin and chitosan based nanomaterials—A short review , 2010 .

[35]  Shih-Hsien Chen,et al.  Composite chitosan/silk fibroin nanofibers for modulation of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[36]  Vijay Kumar Thakur,et al.  Recent advances in green hydrogels from lignin: a review. , 2015, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[37]  S. Ifuku,et al.  Thermoresponsive chitosan/N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer through atom transfer radical polymerization. , 2013, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[38]  V. Thakur,et al.  Bio-inspired green surface functionalization of PMMA for multifunctional capacitors , 2014 .

[39]  M. Kasaai.  Determination of the degree of N-acetylation for chitin and chitosan by various NMR spectroscopy techniques: A review , 2010 .

[40]  V. Thakur,et al.  PMMA-g-SOY as a sustainable novel dielectric material , 2014 .

[41]  Enyong Ding,et al.  A convenient way to synthesize comb-shaped chitosan-graft-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymer. , 2013, Carbohydrate polymers.

[42]  Raimar Löbenberg,et al.  Overview of the preparation of organic polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery based on gelatine, chitosan, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) and polyalkylcyanoacrylate. , 2014, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[43]  V. Balan,et al.  Strategies to improve chitosan hemocompatibility: A review , 2014 .

[44]  A. Gandini,et al.  Turning polysaccharides into hydrophobic materials: a critical review. Part 1. Cellulose , 2010 .

[45]  S. Moratti,et al.  Synthesis and characterisation of chitosan- graft -poly(OEGMA) copolymers prepared by ATRP , 2009 .

[46]  Arminda Alves,et al.  Microencapsulation with chitosan by spray drying for industry applications – A review , 2013 .

[47]  M. Prabaharan.  Review Paper: Chitosan Derivatives as Promising Materials for Controlled Drug Delivery , 2008, Journal of biomaterials applications.

[48]  Yulai Zhao,et al.  The synthesis of modified polyethylene via coordination polymerization followed by ATRP, RAFT, NMRP or ROP , 2010 .

[49]  B. Mamba,et al.  Chitosan-based nanomaterials: a state-of-the-art review. , 2013, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[50]  M. Kasaai.  A review of several reported procedures to determine the degree of N-acetylation for chitin and chitosan using infrared spectroscopy , 2008 .

[51]  Shu-ying Gu,et al.  Amphiphilic chitosan graft copolymer via combination of ROP, ATRP and click chemistry: Synthesis, self-assembly, thermosensitivity, fluorescence, and controlled drug release , 2011 .

[52]  R. Gupta,et al.  A model for the collision efficiency of shear-induced agglomeration involving polymer bridging , 2009 .

[53]  Hao Jiang,et al.  Polyaniline–MnO2 coaxial nanofiber with hierarchical structure for high-performance supercapacitors , 2012 .

[54]  Raju Kumar Gupta,et al.  Rapid synthesis of graft copolymers from natural cellulose fibers. , 2013, Carbohydrate polymers.

[55]  Cato T Laurencin,et al.  Micro- and nanofabrication of chitosan structures for regenerative engineering. , 2014, Acta biomaterialia.

[56]  R. Bai,et al.  Development of a multifunctional membrane for chromatic warning and enhanced adsorptive removal of h , 2011 .

[57]  Hongliang Jiang,et al.  ATRP SYNTHESIS AND SELF-ASSEMBLY BEHAVIOR OF CHITOSAN-O-PMPEGMA: ATRP SYNTHESIS AND SELF-ASSEMBLY BEHAVIOR OF CHITOSAN-O-PMPEGMA , 2010 .

[58]  Uma Maheswari Krishnan,et al.  Ellagic acid encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles as anti-hemorrhagic agent. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[59]  P. Badot,et al.  Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption processes using batch studies: A review of recent literature , 2008 .

[60]  R. Gupta,et al.  The effect of temperature on the viscoelastic response of polymer melts , 2005 .

[61]  R. Muzzarelli.  Potential of chitin/chitosan-bearing materials for uranium recovery: An interdisciplinary review , 2011 .

[62]  V. Thakur,et al.  Progress in Green Polymer Composites from Lignin for Multifunctional Applications: A Review , 2014 .