Von Lithium- zu Natriumionenbatterien: Vorteile, Herausforderungen und Überraschendes

Die mobile und stationare Energiespeicherung durch wiederaufladbare Batterien ist ein Thema von breiter gesellschaftlicher und okonomischer Bedeutung. Die wichtigste Technologie in diesem Bereich ist die Lithiumionenbatterie (LIB), jedoch muss man davon ausgehen, dass ein massiv wachsender LIB-Markt ernsten Druck auf Ressourcen und Lieferketten ausuben wird. Seit kurzem richtet sich die Aufmerksamkeit daher auch wieder auf die Natriumionenbatterie (SIB), die eine preisgunstige Alternative darstellen konnte, die weniger anfallig fur Ressourcen- und Versorgungsrisiken ist. Auf dem Papier scheint der Austausch von Lithium durch Natrium in einer Batterie unkompliziert, jedoch erlebt man in der Praxis oft unvorhersehbare Uberraschungen. Was geschieht, wenn in Elektrodenreaktionen Lithium durch Natrium ersetzt wird? Dieser Aufsatz bietet einen aktuellen Uberblick uber das Redoxverhalten von Materialien bei ihrer Verwendung als Elektroden in LIBs bzw. SIBs. Die Vorteile und Herausforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Verwendung von Natrium anstelle von Lithium werden diskutiert.

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