RECONNAISSANCE DES HORIZONS SISMIQUES PAR ANALYSE FACTORIELLE DISCRIMINANTE

A complicated geological structure may make it difficult to recognize seismic horizons. This may be the case when blind zones are present, when horizons have to be identified on both sides of a fault, or when lithological facies exhibit a lateral variation. A method for the recognition of seismic reflections is described. The process takes the dynamic range of seismic information into account as well as the extensive logical possibilities of modern computers. The method implements a factorial discriminant analysis of seismic traces by means of a stepwise iterative process. The reliability of results is studied by examining the a posteriori discrimination between different horizons. If the classification is good, a percentage of well classified reflections is given for each horizon. Resume La reconnaissance des horizons sismiques est parfois rendue delicate par la complexite geologique du terrain: presence de zones sourdes, passage a travers une faille ou variation laterale de facies. Nous proposons une methode pour reconnaitre les horizons sismiques tenant compte de toute la dynamique de l'information sismique ainsi que des immenses possibilites logiques offertes par les calculateurs electroniques modernes. Cette methode utilise l'analyse factorielle discriminante des traces sismiques au moyen d'un processus iteratif de pas a pas. La fiabilite des resultats est enfin discutee en verifiant a posteriori que la classification des horizons est satisfaisante en donnant le pourcentage des reflexions bien classees pour chacun des horizons.

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