Neighbourhood design and physical activity

Health problems related to physical inactivity have become a global health challenge affecting people from the full spectrum of income, age, and ethnicity. This paper examines if neighbourhood environments are associated with physical activity, especially walking and cycling. It analyses 608 respondent survey data from Washington State in the US and Geographic Information System-derived measures of the neighbourhood environment. Respondents reported traffic volume to be the most significant barrier, and good lighting to be the most important facilitator of walking and cycling. Utilitarian destinations, such as grocery stores, restaurants, retail stores and convenience stores, were significant correlates of walking and moderate-intensity physical activities, while housing type, sports facility and transportation infrastructure were correlated with vigorous physical activities. Active people rated higher for their neighbourhood attributes including safety, visual quality, knowing neighbours, seeing many other people walking and cycling, and the availability of sports facilities, parks, and bike racks. Simple interventions such as street lighting, pavements/sidewalks, street trees, benches, bike lanes or trails, bike racks, and traffic-calming devices appeared to hold some promise in promoting physical activities in neighbourhoods. Long-term solutions should include strategies to enhance overall aesthetics, safety, accessibility, street connectivity, and social interactions among neighbours. Les questions de santé liées à l'inactivité physique sont devenues un défi mondial qui intéresse l'ensemble de la population quels que soient les revenus, l'âge et la race. Cet article examine si l'environnement du voisinage est associé à l'activité physique, notamment la marche et le cyclisme. Il analyse les données d'une enquête faite auprès de 608 personnes de l'État de Washington aux États-Unis ainsi que des mesures de l'environnement du voisinage dérivées de systèmes d'information géographique. Les personnes interrogées ont répondu que la circulation était l'obstacle le plus significatif et qu'un bon éclairage était l'atout le plus important pour la marche et le cyclisme. Les destinations utilitaires, comme les supermarchés, les restaurants, les boutiques de détail et de proximité, avaient un rapport significatif avec la marche et des activités physiques d'intensité moyenne, alors que le type de logement, les installations sportives et les infrastructures de transport étaient corrélés à des activités physiques intenses. La population active attache davantage d'importance à des caractéristiques du voisinage comme la sécurité, la qualité visuelle, la connaissance des voisins, l'observation de nombreuses autres personnes pratiquant la marche et le cyclisme ainsi qu'à la disponibilité d'installations sportives, de parcs et de porte-vélos. De simples éléments comme l'éclairage des rues, les chaussées, les arbres, les bancs, les pistes et les voies cyclables, les porte-vélos, les ralentisseurs semblent être quelque peu prometteurs dans la promotion des activités physiques de voisinage. Des solutions à long terme devraient inclure des stratégies visant à améliorer l'esthétisme global, la sécurité, l'accessibilité, la connectivité des rues et les interactions sociales entre voisins. Mots clés: vie active, environnement bâti, cyclisme, conception, santé, voisinage, activité physique, santé publique, configuration dans l'espace, concepts urbains, marche, bien-être

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