Automatic and Effortful Memory in Children Exhibiting Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Examined cognitive processing of children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) according to diagnostic criteria delineated by the third and revised edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and Barkley (1982) to evaluate the Hasher and Zacks (1979, 1984)proposal that spatial location memory is unaffected by individual subject differences and to examine sex differences in automatic and effortful processing in ADHD. Location memory was tested via the picturebook task developed by Ellis, Katz, and Williams (1987). There were no differences between the groups' location memory, although ADHD subjects freely recalled fewer item names than controls. There were no significant sex differences in free recall in the full sample or in either group. In the combined sample, girls recalled more item locations. Implications for the Hasher and Zacks (1979, 1984) framework and future research into cognitive processing in ADHD ar...

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