Mycorrhizal-Based Phytostabilization of Zn–Pb Tailings: Lessons from the Trzebionka Mining Works (Southern Poland)

The chapter summarizes the research on the role of mycorrhiza in phytostabilization of heavy-metal-rich tailings from the ZG Trzebionka (southern Poland) industrial sites. The deposited substratum is difficult to phytoremediate. For example, plants conventionally introduced in such places disappear relatively soon, while those appearing during natural succession replace them. Properly developed mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances the survival of plants in such metal-rich areas by improving both nutrient acquisition and water relations. Moreover, mycorrhizal fungi were also found to play an important role in heavy metal detoxification and the establishment of vegetation. Certain fungal strains isolated from old zinc wastes also decrease heavy metal uptake by plants which grow on metal-rich substrates, thus limiting the risk of increasing the levels of these elements into the food chain. Mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the area were shown to be more effective in plant growth enhancement than those from nonpolluted area. Therefore, the effectiveness of the bioremediation techniques depends on the appropriate selection of both the plant and the fungal partners.

[1]  M. R. Smith,et al.  Arbuscular mycorrhizae promote establishment of prairie species in a tallgrass prairie restoration , 1998 .

[2]  M. Rillig,et al.  Mycorrhizas and soil structure , 2006 .

[3]  P. Antunes,et al.  Mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases soil water repellency and is sufficient to maintain water-stable soil aggregates , 2010 .

[4]  H. Yoon,et al.  Excess copper induced physiological and proteomic changes in germinating rice seeds. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[5]  S. Perotto,et al.  The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility , 2002, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[6]  R. Miller,et al.  Contributions of interacting biological mechanisms to soil aggregate stabilization in restored prairie , 1998 .

[7]  J. Buwalda,et al.  Host-fungus competition for carbon as a cause of growth depressions in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal ryegrass , 1982 .

[8]  G. Lingua,et al.  Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Associated Microorganisms in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Sites , 2005 .

[9]  J. Hall.  Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. , 2002, Journal of experimental botany.

[10]  K. Turnau,et al.  Arbuscular mycorrhiza of Berkheya coddii and other Ni-hyperaccumulating members of Asteraceae from ultramafic soils in South Africa , 2003, Mycorrhiza.

[11]  M. V. D. Heijden.  Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as a Determinant of Plant Diversity: in Search of Underlying Mechanisms and General Principles , 2002 .

[12]  P. Kopittke,et al.  Toxic effects of low concentrations of Cu on nodulation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). , 2007, Environmental pollution.

[13]  D. Gibson.  Population Biology of Grasses , 2008 .

[14]  T. Anielska,et al.  Influence of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strains on heavy metal uptake by Plantago lanceolata L. , 2007 .

[15]  C. Azcón-Aguilar,et al.  Unraveling mycorrhiza-induced resistance. , 2007, Current opinion in plant biology.

[16]  I. Sanders,et al.  The ecological significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on clonal reproduction in plants , 2001 .

[17]  J. Barea,et al.  Interactions of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis in Sustainable Agriculture , 2005 .

[18]  Hans Lambers,et al.  Plant Physiological Ecology , 1998, Springer New York.

[19]  J. Clapp,et al.  The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant community establishment at Samphire Hoe, Kent, UK – the reclamation platform created during the building of the Channel tunnel between France and UK , 2004, Biodiversity & Conservation.

[20]  K. Turnau,et al.  Heavy metal localisation in mycorrhizas ofEpipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser (Orchidaceae) from zinc mine tailings , 2005, Protoplasma.

[21]  N. Rascio,et al.  Metal accumulation by some plants growing on zinc-mine deposits , 1977 .

[22]  E. Pajuelo,et al.  Toxic effects of arsenic on Sinorhizobium-Medicago sativa symbiotic interaction. , 2008, Environmental pollution.

[23]  P. Mleczko.  MYCORRHIZAL AND SAPROBIC MACROFUNGI OF TWO ZINC WASTES IN SOUTHERN POLAND , 2004 .

[24]  D. Pavlíková,et al.  Potential contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza to cadmium immobilisation in soil. , 2006, Chemosphere.

[25]  M. Wierzbicka,et al.  Uptake and localization of cadmium by Biscutella laevigata, a cadmium hyperaccumulator , 2004 .

[26]  K. Turnau.  Heavy metal content and localization in mycorrhizal Euphorbia cyparissias from zinc wastes in Southern Poland , 2014 .

[27]  P. Mantle,et al.  Host infection by Claviceps purpurea , 1980 .

[28]  A. Lafuente,et al.  Reduced nodulation in alfalfa induced by arsenic correlates with altered expression of early nodulins. , 2010, Journal of plant physiology.

[29]  M. Cardinale,et al.  Rehabilitation of Mediterranean anthropogenic soils using symbiotic wild legume shrubs: Plant establishment and impact on the soil bacterial community structure , 2010 .

[30]  P. Ryszka,et al.  Establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants originating from xerothermic grasslands on heavy metal rich industrial wastes–new solution for waste revegetation , 2008, Plant and Soil.

[31]  W. Szafer,et al.  The vegetation of Poland , 1966 .

[32]  M. Rillig,et al.  Immuno-cytolocalization of glomalin in the mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices , 2008 .

[33]  C. Leyval,et al.  Uptake of 109Cd by roots and hyphae of a Glomus mosseae/ Trifolium subterraneum mycorrhiza from soil amended with high and low concentrations of cadmium , 1997 .

[34]  C. Leyval,et al.  Effect of heavy metal pollution on mycorrhizal colonization and function: physiological, ecological and applied aspects , 1997, Mycorrhiza.

[35]  A. Kabata-Pendias.  Trace elements in soils and plants , 1984 .

[36]  J. Harper.  Population Biology of Plants , 1979 .

[37]  S. Kays,et al.  The regulation of plant and tiller density in a grass sward , 1974 .

[38]  E. Kothny.  Trace Elements in the Environment , 1973 .

[39]  D. van Tuinen,et al.  Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils and roots of plants colonizing zinc wastes in southern Poland , 2001, Mycorrhiza.

[40]  T. Anielska,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF MYCORRHIZA AND EDTA APPLICATION ON HEAVY METAL UPTAKE BY DIFFERENT MAIZE VARIETIES , 2004 .

[41]  A. Mead,et al.  Variation in the shoot calcium content of angiosperms. , 2003, Journal of experimental botany.

[42]  V. Wolters,et al.  Soil engineering ants increase grass root arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization , 2008, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[43]  N. Dashti,et al.  The potential of oil-utilizing bacterial consortia associated with legume root nodules for cleaning oily soils. , 2009, Chemosphere.

[44]  M. Rillig,et al.  A novel in vitro cultivation system to produce and isolate soluble factors released from hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi , 2006, Biotechnology Letters.

[45]  H. Kroon,et al.  The Ecology and Evolution of Clonal Plants , 1997 .

[46]  Almas Zaidi,et al.  Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the remediation of metal contaminated soils , 2009 .

[47]  R. López,et al.  Isolation and characterisation of symbiotically effective Rhizobium resistant to arsenic and heavy metals after the toxic spill at the Aznalcóllar pyrite mine , 2005 .

[48]  T. Anielska,et al.  Metal uptake by xerothermic plants introduced into Zn-Pb industrial wastes , 2010, Plant and Soil.

[49]  P. B. Tinker,et al.  Solute Movement in the Soil-Root System. , 1978 .

[50]  R. Chaney,et al.  The Physiology of Metal Toxicity in Plants , 1978 .

[51]  M. Aragno,et al.  nifH gene diversity in the bacterial community associated with the rhizosphere of Molinia coerulea, an oligonitrophilic perennial grass. , 2002, Environmental microbiology.

[52]  Katarzyna Turnau,et al.  Arbuscular mycorrhiza of introduced and native grasses colonizing zinc wastes: implications for restoration practices , 2007, Plant and Soil.

[53]  C. Cobbett,et al.  Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis. , 2002, Annual review of plant biology.

[54]  M. Wierzbicka,et al.  The adaptation of Silene vulgaris to growth on a calamine waste heap (S. Poland) , 1998 .

[55]  D. Bagyaraj,et al.  Potential of earthworms, ants, millipedes, and termites for dissemination of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil , 1994, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[56]  M. V. D. van der Heijden,et al.  Different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter coexistence and resource distribution between co-occurring plant. , 2003, The New phytologist.

[57]  Response of 11 eucalyptus species to inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi , 1996, Mycorrhiza.

[58]  Ken Thompson,et al.  Plant physiological ecology, 2nd edn. , 2009 .

[59]  W. Ernst,et al.  Metal tolerance in plants , 1992 .