Temporal and spatial dynamics of wheat powdery mildew in Sichuan Province, China

Abstract Wheat powdery mildew, which is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important and destructive wheat disease that can cause a considerable reduction in grain yield. The temporal dynamics of wheat powdery mildew examined over a five-year period (2007–2012) indicated that disease incidence and index fitted an “S”-shaped curve. The initial stage of wheat powdery mildew occurred mainly in late November, and the logistic stage in 2010–2011 was the longest in all experiments. The 2010 and 2011 experiments exhibited the highest disease index across the five years. The logistic curve best fit disease development during the five years and provided a good prediction of powdery mildew with an accuracy of 85%. Meteorological factors in March and April were highly correlated with disease index. To better understand powdery mildew epidemics, effective dispersal of the fungus was studied in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that the pathogen can spread more than 500 cm in one infection cycle. The rate of disease spread was relatively fast between late March and mid-April in 2012 and reached 175 cm/d. Curve fitting of the disease spread distance in eight directions identified the exponential and quadratic functions as the best fitting curves. Information on the temporal dynamics and effective spread distance of wheat powdery mildew and the relationship between disease epidemics and weather conditions provides the insight needed for future disease forecasting and management.

[1]  Hailin Zhang,et al.  Genetic characterization of powdery mildew resistance in U.S. hard winter wheat , 2009, Molecular Breeding.

[2]  D. Mackenzie,et al.  Disease Progress Curves of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici on Chancellor Wheat and Four Multilines , 1979 .

[3]  Professor Dr. Jürgen Kranz.  Comparative Epidemiology of Plant Diseases , 2002, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[4]  Min Zhang,et al.  Over-summering of wheat powdery mildew in Sichuan Province, China , 2012 .

[5]  D. Singh,et al.  Long-distance dispersion of rust pathogens. , 1990, Annual review of phytopathology.

[6]  Fusuo Zhang,et al.  Wheat powdery mildew and foliar N concentrations as influenced by N fertilization and belowground interactions with intercropped faba bean , 2007, Plant and Soil.

[7]  J. Plank.  CHAPTER 7 – Analysis of Epidemics , 1960 .

[8]  Philippe Reymond,et al.  Analysis of epidermis- and mesophyll-specific transcript accumulation in powdery mildew-inoculated wheat leaves , 2005, Plant Molecular Biology.

[9]  G. Bergstrom,et al.  Foci of stagonospora nodorum blotch in winter wheat before canopy development. , 2001, Phytopathology.

[10]  Yong Luo,et al.  Long-Distance Spread and Interregional Epidemics of Wheat Stripe Rust in China. , 2006, Plant disease.

[11]  S. Gage,et al.  Principles of the Atmospheric Pathway for Invasive Species Applied to Soybean Rust , 2005 .

[12]  T. Volk,et al.  Control of fungal diseases in winter wheat with appropriate dose rates and weather‐based decision support systems 1 , 1996 .

[13]  R. Moschini,et al.  Predicting Wheat Leaf Rust Severity Using Planting Date, Genetic Resistance, and Weather Variables , 1999 .

[14]  R. J. Lascano,et al.  Spatial and Temporal Variability of Sorghum Grain Yield: Influence of Soil, Water, Pests, and Diseases Relationships , 2002, Precision Agriculture.

[15]  A. Roelfs.  Gradients in Horizontal Dispersal of Cereal Rust Uredospores , 1972 .

[16]  V. Rossi,et al.  A dynamic simulation model for powdery mildew epidemics on winter wheat , 2003 .

[17]  F van den Bosch,et al.  Disease-weather relationships for powdery mildew and yellow rust on winter wheat. , 2008, Phytopathology.

[18]  P. Esker,et al.  Spatiotemporal Description of Epidemics Caused by Phoma ligulicola in Tasmanian Pyrethrum Fields. , 2005, Phytopathology.

[19]  F. Nutter,et al.  Directional Spread of Septoria Leaf Spot in Tomato Rows. , 1997, Plant disease.

[20]  N. Talbot,et al.  Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, an obligate pathogen of barley. , 2004 .

[21]  L. Wan.  Preliminary studies on the macro-scope management technique system of Blumeria graminis , 2003 .

[22]  S. Viljanen-Rollinson,et al.  Monitoring long-distance spore dispersal by wind - a review , 2007 .

[23]  C. Campbell,et al.  Comparative spatial analysis of foliar epidemics on white clover caused by viruses, fungi, and a bacterium , 1993 .

[24]  P. Luo,et al.  Characterization and chromosomal location of Pm40 in common wheat: a new gene for resistance to powdery mildew derived from Elytrigia intermedium , 2009, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[25]  F. Lapeyre,et al.  Septoria Leaf Spot of Banana: A Newly Discovered Disease Caused by Mycosphaerella eumusae (Anamorph Septoria eumusae). , 2000, Phytopathology.

[26]  Steffen Gebhardt,et al.  Geostatistical analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of powdery mildew and leaf rust in wheat. , 2009, Phytopathology.

[27]  S. Savary,et al.  Plant disease epidemiology: facing challenges of the 21st Century , 2006 .

[28]  Zhanhong Ma,et al.  Long-Distance Spore Transport of Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen from Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou in Southwestern China. , 2010, Plant disease.

[29]  L. Madden.  Botanical epidemiology:some key advances and its continuing role in disease management , 2006 .

[30]  R. Bélanger.  The Powdery Mildews: A Comprehensive Treatise , 2002 .

[31]  Dennis A. Johnson,et al.  Weather and downy mildew epidemics of hop in Washington state. , 1994 .

[32]  E. Nevo,et al.  Identification and genetic mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene in wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) accession IW72 from Israel , 2008, Euphytica.

[33]  James K. M. Brown,et al.  Aerial Dispersal of Pathogens on the Global and Continental Scales and Its Impact on Plant Disease , 2002, Science.

[34]  E. Civerolo,et al.  Analysis of the Spatial Patterns of Pierce's Disease Incidence in the Lower San Joaquin Valley in California. , 2004, Phytopathology.

[35]  D. Aylor,et al.  SPREAD OF PLANT DISEASE ON A CONTINENTAL SCALE: ROLE OF AERIAL DISPERSAL OF PATHOGENS , 2003 .

[36]  D. Glawe,et al.  Compendium of Wheat Diseases , 1991 .

[37]  D. Jones,et al.  Cereal diseases: Their pathology and control , 1983 .