This case control study of healthy children utilized parents' reports to determine whether behavioral, developmental, or academic problems were associated with signs of partial airway obstruction (snoring, difficult or labored breathing, and mouth breathing) during sleep. Results suggest an association between the signs of airway obstruction during sleep and problems when awake. Children with behavioral, developmental, or academic problems had a significantly later bedtime hour, briefer duration of total sleep, longer night awakenings, and an increased latency to sleep, as compared to children without those problems.