A three-dimensional model of vocal fold abduction/adduction.

A three-dimensional biomechanical model of tissue deformation was developed to simulate dynamic vocal fold abduction and adduction. The model was made of 1721 nearly incompressible finite elements. The cricoarytenoid joint was modeled as a rocking-sliding motion, similar to two concentric cylinders. The vocal ligament and the thyroarytenoid muscle's fiber characteristics were implemented as a fiber-gel composite made of an isotropic ground substance imbedded with fibers. These fibers had contractile and/or passive nonlinear stress-strain characteristics. The verification of the model was made by comparing the range and speed of motion to published vocal fold kinematic data. The model simulated abduction to a maximum glottal angle of about 31 degrees. Using the posterior-cricoarytenoid muscle, the model produced an angular abduction speed of 405 degrees per second. The system mechanics seemed to favor abduction over adduction in both peak speed and response time, even when all intrinsic muscle properties were kept identical. The model also verified the notion that the vocalis and muscularis portions of the thyroarytenoid muscle play significantly different roles in posturing, with the muscularis portion having the larger effect on arytenoid movement. Other insights into the mechanisms of abduction/adduction were given.

[1]  I. Titze,et al.  Geometric Structure of the Human and Canine Cricothyroid and Thyroarytenoid Muscles for Biomechanical Applications , 1999, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[2]  I. Titze,et al.  Preliminaries to the body-cover theory of pitch control* , 1988 .

[3]  I. Titze,et al.  Elastic models of vocal fold tissues. , 1991, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[4]  G R Farley.  A biomechanical laryngeal model of voice F0 and glottal width control. , 1996, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[5]  K. Omori,et al.  Vocal Fold Atrophy: Quantitative Glottic Measurement and Vocal Function , 1997, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[6]  R. Beňačka,et al.  Mechanisms and clinicophysiological implications of the sniff- and gasp-like aspiration reflex. , 1998, Respiration physiology.

[7]  K. Kaga,et al.  Geometric Characterization of the Laryngeal Cartilage Framework for the Purpose of Biomechanical Modeling , 2001, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[8]  K. Kaufman,et al.  Three-Dimensional Motion of the Arytenoid Adduction Procedure in Cadaver Larynges , 1994, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[9]  H. E. Gunter,et al.  A mechanical model of vocal-fold collision with high spatial and temporal resolution. , 2003, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[10]  H. Eckel,et al.  Morphometry of the larynx in horizontal sections. , 1995, American journal of otolaryngology.

[11]  P. Zorowka,et al.  Dimensions of the laryngeal framework in adults , 2005, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.

[12]  S. E. Basiouny,et al.  Pattern of gross displacement of the vocal fold in adduction and abduction movements. , 1992, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[13]  H. Yoshioka,et al.  Laryngeal Adjustments in the Production of the Fricative Consonants and Devoiced Vowels in Japanese , 1981, Phonetica.

[14]  W. Selbie,et al.  Characteristics of vocal fold adduction related to voice onset. , 1997, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[15]  J. Ohala,et al.  Regulation of register, pitch and intensity of voice. An electromyographic investigation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles. , 1970, Folia phoniatrica.

[16]  G. Woodson,et al.  Unilateral cricothyroid contraction and glottic configuration. , 1998, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[17]  D. Berry,et al.  A finite-element model of vocal-fold vibration. , 2000, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[18]  W S Levine,et al.  Using joint geometry to determine the motion of the cricoarytenoid joint. , 1998, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[19]  I R Titze,et al.  Vocal intensity in speakers and singers. , 1991, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[20]  Morphometric and Histochemical Study of the Human Vocal Muscle , 2000, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[21]  A. Hillel.  The Study of Laryngeal Muscle Activity in Normal Human Subjects and in Patients With Laryngeal Dystonia Using Multiple Fine‐Wire Electromyography , 2001, The Laryngoscope.

[22]  I. Titze,et al.  Active and passive characteristics of the canine cricothyroid muscles. , 1999, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[23]  H. A. Dahl,et al.  Actomyosin ATPase activity of human laryngeal muscles. , 1978, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[24]  I. Titze,et al.  Vocal fold physiology : biomechanics, acoustics, and phonatory control , 1983 .

[25]  I. Titze,et al.  Stress-Strain Response of the Human Vocal Ligament , 1995, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[26]  T Murry,et al.  Glottal configuration associated with fundamental frequency and vocal register. , 1998, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[27]  I R Titze,et al.  Viscosities of Implantable Biomaterials in Vocal Fold Augmentation Surgery , 1998, The Laryngoscope.

[28]  R. Wilhelms-Tricarico.  Physiological modeling of speech production: methods for modeling soft-tissue articulators. , 1995, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[29]  Elasticity of canine vocal fold tissue. , 1984, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[30]  H. Biller,et al.  Arytenoid motion evoked by regional electrical stimulation of the canine posterior cricoarytenoid muscle , 1994, The Laryngoscope.

[31]  I. Titze.  The physics of small-amplitude oscillation of the vocal folds. , 1988, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[32]  I. Titze,et al.  Three-Dimensional Anatomic Characterization of the Canine Laryngeal Abductor and Adductor Musculature , 2000, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[33]  D P Kuehn,et al.  A finite element model of the soft palate. , 1999, The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.

[34]  K. Kaga,et al.  Functional Definitions of Vocal Fold Geometry for Laryngeal Biomechanical Modeling , 2002, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[35]  H. Biller,et al.  Muscle spindles are concentrated in the superior vocalis subcompartment of the human thyroarytenoid muscle. , 1998, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[36]  D. S. Cooper,et al.  Dynamic Properties of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle , 1994, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[37]  W Scott Selbie,et al.  Developing an anatomical model of the human laryngeal cartilages from magnetic resonance imaging. , 2002, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.