Ultra-wideband antenna miniaturization using distributed lumped element loading

This paper proposes a novel idea of using distributed lumped elements within the antenna geometry to modify the antenna's impedance and to miniaturize it over a broad frequency range. The duality between material properties and circuit elements is fully utilized for this purpose. It is important to note that the goal is the miniaturization of a broadband antenna that is already small in size. In this case, the challenge for further miniaturization are much greater than that of reducing the size of a wavelength size antenna