A unified discrete-continuous sensitivity analysis method for shape optimization

Boundary shape optimization problems for systems governed by partial differential equations involve a calculus of variation with respect to boundary modifications. As typically presented in the literature, the first-order necessary conditions of optimality are derived in a quite different manner for the problems before and after discretization, and the final directional-derivative expressions look very different. However, a systematic use of the material-derivative concept allows a unified treatment of the cases before and after discretization. The final expression when performing such a derivation includes the classical before-discretization (“continuous”) expression, which contains objects solely restricted to the design boundary, plus a number of “correction” terms that involve field variables inside the domain. Some or all of the correction terms vanish when the associated state and adjoint variables are smooth enough.

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