Investigating the Effect of Trust Manipulations on Affect over Time in Human-Human versus Human-Robot Interactions

The current study explored the influence of trust and distrust behaviors on affect over time. We examined the differences in affect when participants (N=97) were paired with a human or a robot while playing a modified version of the investor game. Results indicated that there were no differences in affect between partner types when the partner performed a trustful behavior. When the partner performed a distrustful behavior, positive affect was higher for human partners than for robot partners. When robot partners performed a distrustful behavior, negative affect had a steeper incline compared to human partners. These findings suggest that people are more sensitive to distrust behaviors that are performed by a robot over a human.

[1]  Nicole C. Krämer,et al.  An Experimental Study on Emotional Reactions Towards a Robot , 2013, Int. J. Soc. Robotics.

[2]  A. Isen,et al.  Affect, accessibility of material in memory, and behavior: a cognitive loop? , 1978, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[3]  Clay B. Holroyd,et al.  Why humans deviate from rational choice. , 2011, Psychophysiology.

[4]  Sangseok You,et al.  Trusting Robots in Teams: Examining the Impacts of Trusting Robots on Team Performance and Satisfaction , 2019, HICSS.

[5]  Robert E. Ployhart,et al.  Growth Modeling Using Random Coefficient Models: Model Building, Testing, and Illustrations , 2002 .

[6]  J. H. Davis,et al.  An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust , 1995 .

[7]  Alan G. Sanfey,et al.  Affective state and decision-making in the Ultimatum Game , 2006, Experimental Brain Research.

[8]  Lionel P. Robert,et al.  Emotional Attachment, Performance, and Viability in Teams Collaborating with Embodied Physical Action (EPA) Robots , 2018, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[9]  Md. Abul Kalam Siddike,et al.  Towards a Framework of Trust Determinants in People and Cognitive Assistants Interactions , 2018, HICSS.

[10]  Gene M. Alarcon,et al.  The effect of propensity to trust and perceptions of trustworthiness on trust behaviors in dyads , 2017, Behavior Research Methods.

[11]  Justin Storbeck,et al.  Negative affect promotes encoding of and memory for details at the expense of the gist: Affect, encoding, and false memories , 2013, Cognition & emotion.

[12]  Colin Camerer.  Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction , 2003 .

[13]  C. Nass,et al.  Machines and Mindlessness , 2000 .

[14]  Kenneth Littlejohn,et al.  Accounting for the human in cyberspace: Effects of mood on trust in automation , 2010, 2010 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems.

[15]  Brian R. Duffy,et al.  Anthropomorphism and the social robot , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[16]  Mary L. Cummings,et al.  Automation Bias in Intelligent Time Critical Decision Support Systems , 2004 .

[17]  R. Zajonc.  Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal , 2001 .

[18]  M. Schweitzer,et al.  Feeling and believing: the influence of emotion on trust. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[19]  D. O. Sears,et al.  The person-positivity bias. , 1983 .

[20]  Raja Parasuraman,et al.  Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse , 1997, Hum. Factors.

[21]  Deborah Lee,et al.  Measuring Individual Differences in the Perfect Automation Schema , 2015, Hum. Factors.

[22]  Joyce E. Berg,et al.  Trust, Reciprocity, and Social History , 1995 .

[23]  Madan M. Pillutla,et al.  Unfairness, Anger, and Spite: Emotional Rejections of Ultimatum Offers , 1996 .

[24]  John D. Lee,et al.  Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance , 2004, Hum. Factors.

[25]  D. Wiegmann,et al.  Similarities and differences between human–human and human–automation trust: an integrative review , 2007 .

[26]  Krista Casler,et al.  Separate but equal? A comparison of participants and data gathered via Amazon's MTurk, social media, and face-to-face behavioral testing , 2013, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[27]  Robert B. Lount.  The impact of positive mood on trust in interpersonal and intergroup interactions. , 2010, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[28]  Patrick J Curran,et al.  Twelve Frequently Asked Questions About Growth Curve Modeling , 2010, Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society.

[29]  D. Watson,et al.  Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.