Open Innovation Climate Measure: The Introduction of a Validated Scale

Open innovation describes how organizations open up their innovation processes for external influence and collaboration. Despite this recent, and increasingly popular, development in the industry as well as in academic literature, the field lacks valid assessment tools. As a supportive organizational climate is argued to be a crucial element for successful implementation of open innovation, we propose in this paper Open Innovation Climate Measure (OICM). This three-dimensional assessment tool is tested in three units located in a multinational automotive corporation in the process of incorporating open innovation principles in practice.

[1]  Henry Chesbrough,et al.  Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology , 2003 .

[2]  D. Teece,et al.  DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT , 1997 .

[3]  N. Anderson,et al.  The team climate inventory: Development of the tci and its applications in teambuilding for innovativeness , 1996 .

[4]  Thomas J. Allen,et al.  Investigating the Not Invented Here (NIH) Syndrome : A Look at the Performance, Tenure, and Communication Patterns of 50 R&D Project Groups : R&D Management , 1987 .

[5]  D. Teece.  Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance , 2007 .

[6]  Daniel A. Levinthal,et al.  ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNING AND INNOVATION , 1990 .

[7]  K. Weick.  Making Sense of the Organization , 2000 .

[8]  A. Salter,et al.  My Precious. The Role of Appropriability Strategies in Shaping Innovative Performance , 2005 .

[9]  G. Kunda.  Engineering Culture: Control and Commitment in a High-Tech Corporation , 1993 .

[10]  H. Tohidi,et al.  Organizational culture and leadership , 2012 .

[11]  Dominik Walcher,et al.  Toolkits for Idea Competitions: A Novel Method to Integrate Users in New Product Development , 2006 .

[12]  G. Hult,et al.  Innovation, Market Orientation, and Organizational Learning: An Integration and Empirical Examination , 1998 .

[13]  K. Lewin.  Field theory in social science , 1951 .

[14]  M. Tushman,et al.  Ambidexterity as a Dynamic Capability: Resolving the Innovator's Dilemma , 2007 .

[15]  Oliver Gassmann,et al.  Opening Up the Innovation Process: Towards an Agenda , 2006 .

[16]  S. Ollila,et al.  Exploring the field of open innovation , 2009 .

[17]  Clayton M. Christensen,et al.  Innovacion disruptiva para el cambio social , 2006 .

[18]  C. Herstatt,et al.  Users' Contributions to Radical Innovation: Evidence from Four Cases in the Field of Medical Equipment Technology , 2006 .

[19]  B. Clarysse,et al.  Building absorptive capacity to organise inbound open innovation in traditional industries , 2010 .

[20]  G. Christiaens,et al.  Leading change , 2018, Leadership Transitions in Universities.

[21]  M. Tushman,et al.  Ambidexterity as a Dynamic Capability: Resolving the Innovator's Dilemma , 2007 .

[22]  J. West,et al.  Open innovation : researching a new paradigm , 2008 .

[23]  L. Collins,et al.  Opening up the innovation process , 2006 .

[24]  Denise M. Rousseau,et al.  The construction of climate in organizational research. , 1988 .

[25]  Han van der Meer,et al.  Open Innovation – The Dutch Treat: Challenges in Thinking in Business Models , 2007 .

[26]  J. West,et al.  Challenges of Open Innovation: The Paradox of Firm Investment in Open-Source Software , 2006 .

[27]  E. Schein.  Organizational Culture and Leadership: A Dynamic View , 1985 .

[28]  Joshua Lajčiak,et al.  Managing Open Innovation , 2012 .

[29]  Avan R. Jassawalla,et al.  Cultures that support product-innovation processes , 2002 .

[30]  R. Dorf,et al.  The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy Into Action , 1997, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[31]  U. Lichtenthaler,et al.  A Capability-Based Framework for Open Innovation: Complementing Absorptive Capacity , 2009 .

[32]  Ellen Enkel,et al.  Creative Tension in the Innovation Process: How to Support the Right Capabilities , 2007 .

[33]  D. Fields.  Taking the Measure of Work: A Guide to Validated Scales for Organizational Research and Diagnosis , 2002 .

[34]  Eric von Hippel,et al.  Satisfying Heterogeneous User Needs Via Innovation Toolkits: The Case of Apache Security Software , 2002 .

[35]  D. Gann,et al.  How open is innovation , 2010 .

[36]  Ulrich Lichtenthaler,et al.  Attitudes to Externally Organising Knowledge Management Tasks: A Review, Reconsideration and Extension of the NIH Syndrome , 2006 .

[37]  John Cullen,et al.  Democratizing Innovation , 2020, Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship.

[38]  Rex B. Kline,et al.  Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling , 1998 .

[39]  U. Lichtenthaler.  OpenInnovation:rentDebates,andFutureDirections , 2011 .

[40]  J. Dawson,et al.  Validating the organizational climate measure: links to managerial practices, productivity and innovation , 2005 .

[41]  P. Ahmed.  Culture and climate for innovation , 1998 .

[42]  O. Gassmann,et al.  The Future of Open Innovation , 2010 .

[43]  R. Katz,et al.  Investigating the Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome: A look at the performance, tenure, and communication patterns of 50 R & D Project Groups , 1982 .

[44]  S. Davis,et al.  Matching corporate culture and business strategy , 1981 .

[45]  E. Huizingh.  Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives , 2011 .

[46]  C. B. Dobni,et al.  Measuring innovation culture in organizations , 2008 .

[47]  Marcus M. Keupp,et al.  Determinants and Archetype Users of Open Innovation , 2009 .

[48]  C. B. Dobni.  Measuring innovation culture in organizations The development of a generalized innovation culture construct using exploratory factor analysis , 2008 .

[49]  H. Chesbrough.  Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape , 2006 .

[50]  M. Dodgson,et al.  The Role of Technology in the Shift Towards Open Innovation: The Case of Procter & Gamble , 2006 .

[51]  Martin W. Wallin,et al.  Organizing for Open Innovation:: Focus on the Integration of Knowledge , 2010 .

[52]  P. Bentler,et al.  Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives , 1999 .

[53]  M. Browne,et al.  Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit , 1992 .

[54]  Myrna Flores,et al.  A balanced scorecard for measuring the impact of industry–university collaboration , 2011 .

[55]  J. Rohrbaugh,et al.  A Competing Values Approach to Organizational Effectiveness , 1981 .

[56]  N. Sakkab,et al.  Connect and Develop : Inside Procter & Gamble's New Model for Innovation , 2006 .

[57]  Björn Remneland-Wikhamn.  Path dependence as a barrier for ‘soft’ and ‘open’ innovation , 2011 .

[58]  Michael A. West,et al.  Reflexivity, revolution and innovation in work teams , 2000 .

[59]  U. Lichtenthaler.  RETRACTED: Externally commercializing technology assets: An examination of different process stages , 2008 .

[60]  V. Chiesa,et al.  The Open Innovation Journey: How firms dynamically implement the emerging innovation management paradigm , 2011 .

[61]  N. Anderson,et al.  Measuring climate for work group innovation: development and validation of the team climate inventory , 1998 .

[62]  Lawrence R. James,et al.  Organizational climate: A review of theory and research. , 1974 .

[63]  D. Denison.  What is the Difference Between Organizational Culture and Organizational Climate? A Native's Point of View on a Decade of Paradigm Wars , 1996 .

[64]  M. Tushman,et al.  Organizational Evolution: A Metamorphosis Model of Convergence and Reorientation , 1985 .

[65]  O. Gassmann,et al.  Open R&D and Open Innovation: Exploring the Phenomenon , 2009 .