Pyrolysis of vegetable oil soaps—Palm, olive, rapeseed and castor oils

Abstract Saponified, palm, olive, rapeseed and castor oils were pyrolysed (at 750 °C for 20 s) by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass selective and flame ionisation detection (Py-GC/MSD and FID) to clarify their thermochemical behaviours. The liquefiable compounds recovered from palm, olive and rapeseed oils mainly contained linear alkenes (up to C 19 ) and alkanes (up to C 17 ), both similar to those found in gasoline (C 4 –C 10 ) and diesel fuel (C 11 –C 22 ) boiling range fractions of petroleum, whereas in the case of castor oil a significant amount of undesired oxygen-containing products (e.g., ketones and phenols) were formed. The obtained data on reaction mechanisms can also be utilised in applications where various biofuels are produced, for example, from the extractive-derived by-product (tall oil) of kraft pulping.

[1]  H. Stephen Stoker,et al.  Organic and Biological Chemistry , 2010 .

[2]  D S Ogunniyi,et al.  Castor oil: a vital industrial raw material. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[3]  D. Bressler,et al.  Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. , 2007, Bioresource technology.

[4]  I. Fortes,et al.  Study of calcium soap pyrolysates derived from Macauba fruit (Acrocomia sclerocarpa M.). Derivatization and analysis by GC/MS and CI-MS , 1994 .

[5]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels , 2009 .

[6]  C. Chang,et al.  China's Motor Fuels from Tung Oil , 1947 .

[7]  P. Stenius.  Forest products chemistry , 2000 .

[8]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey , 2003 .

[9]  R. Evershed,et al.  Formation of long-chain ketones in archaeological pottery vessels by pyrolysis of acyl lipids , 1997 .

[10]  Jiang Jianchun,et al.  Liquid hydrocarbon fuels obtained by the pyrolysis of soybean oils. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[11]  Free-Radical Reactions , 1977 .

[12]  F. Harwood.  OCCURRENCE AND CHARACTERISATION OF OILS AND FATS , 2007 .

[13]  S. Mitra,et al.  Thermal investigations of the calcium salts of monocarboxylic aliphatic fatty acids , 1979 .

[14]  Murray R. Gray,et al.  Pyrolytic Decarboxylation and Cracking of Stearic Acid , 2008 .

[15]  Roger Westerholm,et al.  A multivariate statistical analysis of chemical composition and physical characteristics of ten diesel fuels , 1995 .

[16]  Hanna Lappi,et al.  Production of vegetable oil-based biofuels—Thermochemical behavior of fatty acid sodium salts during pyrolysis , 2009 .

[17]  I. Fortes,et al.  Pyrolysis–GC/MS studies of vegetable oils from Macauba fruit , 2004 .

[18]  M. Poutsma.  Fundamental reactions of free radicals relevant to pyrolysis reactions , 2000 .

[19]  Ayhan Demirbaş,et al.  Fuel Conversional Aspects of Palm Oil and Sunflower Oil , 2003 .

[20]  Avelino Corma,et al.  Synergies between bio- and oil refineries for the production of fuels from biomass. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[21]  J. W. Alencar,et al.  Pyrolysis of tropical vegetable oils. , 1983 .

[22]  J. Spinks,et al.  The Mechanism of the Ketonic Pyrolysis of Calcium Carboxylates , 1953 .

[23]  H. Ayşe Aksoy,et al.  Pyrolysis of used sunflower oil in the presence of sodium carbonate by using fractionating pyrolysis reactor , 1998 .

[24]  C. Scrimgeour,et al.  Chemistry of Fatty Acids , 2005, Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products.

[25]  Alain A. Vertès,et al.  Biomass to Biofuels: Strategies for Global Industries , 2011 .

[26]  Ayhan Demirbas,et al.  Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines , 2007 .

[27]  Gerard L. Hasenhuettl.  Fats and Fatty Oils , 2005 .

[28]  Raphael Idem,et al.  Thermal Cracking of Canola Oil: Reaction Products in the Presence and Absence of Steam , 1996 .

[29]  F. Shahidi,et al.  Bailey's Industrial oil and fat products , 2005 .

[30]  S. Camarero,et al.  Absolute quantitation of lignin pyrolysis products using an internal standard , 1997 .

[31]  Frank D. Gunstone,et al.  The Lipid handbook , 1994 .

[32]  J. Damsté,et al.  Curie-point pyrolysis of sodium salts of functionalized fatty acids* , 1995 .