Soil Salinity Detection Using Satellite Remote Sensing

Remote sensing has been shown to be a particularly valuable tool for obtaining relevant data on soil salinity in the irrigated area. The presence of salts at the terrain surface can be detected from remotely sensed data either directly on bare soils, with salt efflorescence and crust, or indirectly through the biophysical characteristics of vegetation as these are affected by salinity. This study dealt with the two different methods (empirical and biophysical) using two different types of satellite data (Landsat7 ETM and ASTER) in two different crop calendar dates (immediately before the growing season and in the middle of it). The first method, the empirical, which conducted on an image of the newly launched ASTER sensor, resulted in two indexes, The Salinity index, which is produced by ASTER bands:       + − 5 4 5 4 band band band band (has an accurate detection for overall salinity in the bare agriculture soils. This can be applied when the land is fallow. The index, which is produced by ASTER bands:       + − 3 4 3 4 band band band band has the potential to detect the chemical soil composition such as nitrogen or iron dioxides. More research is required to prove this statement The second method the biophysical method which needs to be applied during the growing season. The method is based on detecting the crop reaction to soil salinity via the osmotic forces and the increasing surface resistance due to stomatal closure. The relationship between the surface resistance of cotton (calculated from a Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper image using the SEBAL method) and the EC obtained in the field. is encouraging (R=0.86). When other factors like water stress play no role, calculating rs from the satellite images in the middle of the growing season gives us a fair idea about soil salinity in the upper 0.75 cm of the soil column SOIL SALINITY DETECTION USING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

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