High Color‐Rendering Index and Stable White Light‐Emitting Diodes by Assembling Two Broadband Emissive Self‐Trapped Excitons

White light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are promising next‐generation solid‐state light sources. However, the commercialization route for WLED production suffers from challenges in terms of insufficient color‐rendering index (CRI), color instability, and incorporation of rare‐earth elements. Herein, a new two‐component strategy is developed by assembling two broadband emissive materials with self‐trapped excitons (STEs) for high CRI and stable WLEDs. The strategy addresses effectively the challenging issues facing current WLEDs. Based on first‐principles thermodynamic calculations, copper‐based ternary halides composites, CsCu2I3@Cs3Cu2I5, are synthesized by a facile one‐step solution approach. The composites exhibit an ideal white‐light emission with a cold/warm white‐light tuning and a robust stability against heat, ultraviolet light, and environmental oxygen/moisture. A series of cold/warm tunable WLEDs is demonstrated with a maximum luminance of 145 cd m−2 and an external quantum efficiency of 0.15%, and a record high CRI of 91.6 is achieved, which is the highest value for lead‐free WLEDs. Importantly, the fabricated device demonstrates an excellent operation stability in a continuous current mode, exhibiting a long half‐lifetime of 238.5 min. The results promise the use of the hybrids of STEs‐derived broadband emissive materials for high‐performance WLEDs.

[1]  S. Horng,et al.  Perovskite white light-emitting diodes with a perovskite emissive layer blended with rhodamine 6G , 2020 .

[2]  S. Mhaisalkar,et al.  White Electroluminescence from Perovskite–Organic Heterojunction , 2020, ACS Energy Letters.

[3]  Hongwei Song,et al.  Samarium-Doped Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Single-Component Electroluminescent White Light-Emitting Diodes , 2020, ACS Energy Letters.

[4]  C. Shan,et al.  Colloidal Synthesis of Ternary Copper Halides Nanocrystals for High-Efficiency Deep-Blue Light-Emitting Diodes with a Half-Lifetime Above 100 Hours. , 2020, Nano letters.

[5]  Xin Jian Li,et al.  Stable Yellow Light-Emitting Devices Based on Ternary Copper Halides with Broadband Emissive Self-Trapped Excitons. , 2020, ACS nano.

[6]  C. Shan,et al.  Water-induced fluorescence enhancement of lead-free cesium bismuth halide quantum dots by 130% for stable white light-emitting devices. , 2020, Nanoscale.

[7]  Bin Yang,et al.  Lead-Free Na-In Double Perovskite Nanocrystals Through Doping Ag+ for Bright Yellow Emission. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[8]  Lei Sun,et al.  Colloidal Synthesis and Optical Properties of All-Inorganic Low-Dimensional Cesium Copper Halide Nanocrystals. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[9]  H. Hosono,et al.  One-step solution synthesis of white-light-emitting films via dimensionality control of the Cs–Cu–I system , 2019, APL Materials.

[10]  S. Mhaisalkar,et al.  Cesium Copper Iodide Tailored Nanoplates and Nanorods for Blue, Yellow, and White Emission , 2019, Chemistry of Materials.

[11]  Wei Zheng,et al.  All‐Inorganic CsCu2I3 Single Crystal with High‐PLQY (≈15.7%) Intrinsic White‐Light Emission via Strongly Localized 1D Excitonic Recombination , 2019, Advanced materials.

[12]  B. Saparov,et al.  Bright Luminescence from Nontoxic CsCu2X3 (X = Cl, Br, I) , 2019, ACS Materials Letters.

[13]  William W. Yu,et al.  White light-emitting devices based on ZnCdS/ZnS and perovskite nanocrystal heterojunction , 2019, Nanotechnology.

[14]  F. Liang,et al.  Sensitive Deep Ultraviolet Photodetector and Image Sensor Composed of Inorganic Lead-Free Cs3Cu2I5 Perovskite with Wide Bandgap. , 2019, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[15]  A. N. Solodukhin,et al.  Perovskite white light-emitting diodes based on a molecular blend perovskite emissive layer , 2019, Journal of Materials Chemistry C.

[16]  Wen‐Chang Chen,et al.  Stretchable and Ambient Stable Perovskite/Polymer Luminous Hybrid Nanofibers of Multicolor Fiber Mats and Their White LED Applications. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[17]  Y. Liu,et al.  Design Optimization of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs2AgInCl6:Bi Nanocrystals with 11.4% Photoluminescence Quantum Yield , 2019, Chemistry of Materials.

[18]  Baoquan Sun,et al.  Ultrastable and Reversible Fluorescent Perovskite Films Used for Flexible Instantaneous Display , 2019, Advanced Functional Materials.

[19]  H. Nhalil,et al.  Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield in Blue-Emitting Cs3Cu2Br5–xIx (0 ≤ x ≤ 5) , 2019, ACS Applied Electronic Materials.

[20]  Donghui Wei,et al.  Air-Stable, Lead-Free Zero-Dimensional Mixed Bismuth-Antimony Perovskite Single Crystals with Ultra-broadband Emission. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[21]  Jun Lin,et al.  An overview on enhancing the stability of lead halide perovskite quantum dots and their applications in phosphor-converted LEDs. , 2019, Chemical Society reviews.

[22]  Tae-Woo Lee,et al.  Strategies to Improve Luminescence Efficiency of Metal‐Halide Perovskites and Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2018, Advanced materials.

[23]  William W. Yu,et al.  Bright Orange Electroluminescence from Lead-Free Two-Dimensional Perovskites , 2018, ACS Energy Letters.

[24]  C. Shan,et al.  Silica coating enhances the stability of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals for efficient and stable down-conversion in white light-emitting devices. , 2018, Nanoscale.

[25]  Guangda Niu,et al.  Efficient and stable emission of warm-white light from lead-free halide double perovskites , 2018, Nature.

[26]  Siyu Lu,et al.  Pressure-induced emission of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals , 2018, Nature Communications.

[27]  Chun-Che Lin,et al.  Novel Fluorescence Sensor Based on All-Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots Coated with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Omethoate. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[28]  Hongwei Hu,et al.  Molecular engineering of two-dimensional hybrid perovskites with broadband emission for white light-emitting diodes , 2018 .

[29]  Christoph Wolf,et al.  Improving the Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2018, Advanced materials.

[30]  K. Wong,et al.  All-Perovskite Emission Architecture for White Light-Emitting Diodes. , 2018, ACS nano.

[31]  H. Hosono,et al.  Lead‐Free Highly Efficient Blue‐Emitting Cs3Cu2I5 with 0D Electronic Structure , 2018, Advanced materials.

[32]  S. Ogale,et al.  Molecular and Self‐Trapped Excitonic Contributions to the Broadband Luminescence in Diamine‐Based Low‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Systems , 2018, Advanced Optical Materials.

[33]  R. Costa,et al.  White perovskite based lighting devices. , 2018, Chemical communications.

[34]  Biwu Ma,et al.  Unraveling luminescence mechanisms in zero-dimensional halide perovskites , 2018 .

[35]  Sasa Wang,et al.  Highly efficient white-light emission in a polar two-dimensional hybrid perovskite. , 2018, Chemical communications.

[36]  H. Seo,et al.  Bluish-white-light-emitting diodes based on two-dimensional lead halide perovskite (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbCl2Br2 , 2018 .

[37]  Matthew D. Smith,et al.  White-Light Emission from Layered Halide Perovskites. , 2018, Accounts of chemical research.

[38]  K. Biswas,et al.  Exploring Polaronic, Excitonic Structures and Luminescence in Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3. , 2018, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[39]  C. Shan,et al.  Strategy of Solution-Processed All-Inorganic Heterostructure for Humidity/Temperature-Stable Perovskite Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. , 2018, ACS nano.

[40]  Biwu Ma,et al.  Luminescent zero-dimensional organic metal halide hybrids with near-unity quantum efficiency , 2017, Chemical science.

[41]  Guangda Niu,et al.  All‐Inorganic Bismuth‐Based Perovskite Quantum Dots with Bright Blue Photoluminescence and Excellent Stability , 2018 .

[42]  Biwu Ma,et al.  Highly Efficient Broadband Yellow Phosphor Based on Zero-Dimensional Tin Mixed-Halide Perovskite. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[43]  Honghan Fei,et al.  Intrinsic Broadband White-Light Emission from Ultrastable, Cationic Lead Halide Layered Materials. , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.

[44]  Maksym V. Kovalenko,et al.  Properties and potential optoelectronic applications of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals , 2017, Science.

[45]  K. Schanze,et al.  Bulk assembly of organic metal halide nanotubes† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC 1550500. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03675b , 2017, Chemical science.

[46]  C. Soci,et al.  Broadband-Emitting 2 D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Based on Cyclohexane-bis(methylamonium) Cation. , 2017, ChemSusChem.

[47]  M. Wasielewski,et al.  Tunable White-Light Emission in Single-Cation-Templated Three-Layered 2D Perovskites (CH3CH2NH3)4Pb3Br10-xClx. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[48]  Hee Chang Yoon,et al.  Circadian-tunable Perovskite Quantum Dot-based Down-Converted Multi-Package White LED with a Color Fidelity Index over 90 , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[49]  Yang Yang,et al.  High‐Brightness Blue and White LEDs based on Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals and their Composites , 2017, Advanced materials.

[50]  S. Haque,et al.  Fast oxygen diffusion and iodide defects mediate oxygen-induced degradation of perovskite solar cells , 2017, Nature Communications.

[51]  Chun-Yuan Huang,et al.  Hybridization of CsPbBr1.5I1.5 perovskite quantum dots with 9,9-dihexylfluorene co-oligomer for white electroluminescence , 2017 .

[52]  Han Sen Soo,et al.  Morphology-Independent Stable White-Light Emission from Self-Assembled Two-Dimensional Perovskites Driven by Strong Exciton–Phonon Coupling to the Organic Framework , 2017 .

[53]  M. Wasielewski,et al.  White-Light Emission and Structural Distortion in New Corrugated Two-Dimensional Lead Bromide Perovskites. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[54]  Theo Siegrist,et al.  One-dimensional organic lead halide perovskites with efficient bluish white-light emission , 2017, Nature Communications.

[55]  M. Al-Marri,et al.  Photo-stability of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots for optoelectronic application , 2016, Science China Materials.

[56]  Biwu Ma,et al.  A Microscale Perovskite as Single Component Broadband Phosphor for Downconversion White‐Light‐Emitting Devices , 2016 .

[57]  Huakang Yu,et al.  High-Efficiency Light-Emitting Diodes of Organometal Halide Perovskite Amorphous Nanoparticles. , 2016, ACS nano.

[58]  Haizheng Zhong,et al.  Water resistant CsPbX3 nanocrystals coated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and their use as solid state luminophores in all-perovskite white light-emitting devices , 2016, Chemical science.

[59]  H. Demir,et al.  Implementation of High-Quality Warm-White Light-Emitting Diodes by a Model-Experimental Feedback Approach Using Quantum Dot-Salt Mixed Crystals. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[60]  P. Yang,et al.  Growth and Anion Exchange Conversion of CH3NH3PbX3 Nanorod Arrays for Light-Emitting Diodes. , 2015, Nano letters.

[61]  Wolfgang Schnick,et al.  A revolution in lighting. , 2015, Nature materials.

[62]  Sandeep Kumar Pathak,et al.  Electroluminescence from Organometallic Lead Halide Perovskite‐Conjugated Polymer Diodes , 2015 .

[63]  Kookheon Char,et al.  R/G/B/Natural White Light Thin Colloidal Quantum Dot‐Based Light‐Emitting Devices , 2014, Advanced materials.

[64]  William W. Yu,et al.  High color rendering index white light emitting diodes fabricated from a combination of carbon dots and zinc copper indium sulfide quantum dots , 2014 .

[65]  Jun Lin,et al.  How to produce white light in a single-phase host? , 2014, Chemical Society reviews.

[66]  E. Hoke,et al.  Self-assembly of broadband white-light emitters. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[67]  O. Wolfbeis,et al.  Luminescent probes and sensors for temperature. , 2013, Chemical Society reviews.

[68]  V. Bulović,et al.  Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies , 2012, Nature Photonics.

[69]  Jong-Hyun Ahn,et al.  Extremely efficient flexible organic light-emitting diodes with modified graphene anode , 2012, Nature Photonics.

[70]  Klaus Meerholz,et al.  White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2011, Advanced materials.

[71]  Lei Chen,et al.  High‐Performance All‐Polymer White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Polyfluorene Containing Phosphonate Groups as an Efficient Electron‐Injection Layer , 2010 .

[72]  X. W. Sun,et al.  A photometric investigation of ultra-efficient LEDs with high color rendering index and high luminous efficacy employing nanocrystal quantum dot luminophores. , 2010, Optics express.

[73]  Won Bin Im,et al.  Enhancement of red spectral emission intensity of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor via Pr co-doping and Tb substitution for the application to white LEDs , 2007 .

[74]  E. Krzyżak,et al.  Factors affecting the general shape of the phase diagram and compound formation in the binary copper(I) halide–alkali-metal halide systems , 2006 .

[75]  A. Górniak,et al.  Phase Diagram of the System Copper(I) Iodide + Cesium Iodide† , 2003 .

[76]  小出 康夫,et al.  The Blue Laser Diode , 1998 .

[77]  Shuji Nakamura,et al.  The Blue Laser Diode: GaN based Light Emitters and Lasers , 1997 .