Cooperative spectrum-aware opportunistic routing in cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

Cognitive routing coupled with cooperative spectrum sensing in multi-hop Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Network (CRAHN) is investigated. Recognizing the spectrum dynamics and the problems of hidden terminal and shadow fading in CRAHNs, we propose an opportunistic routing protocol that exploits a Dual-stage Collaborative Spectrum Sensing (DCSS) scheme to improve the accuracy of spectrum available opportunity due to the effects of Primary Users' (PUs) activity. The simulation results indicate that routing access opportunity and breakage probability using the proposed DCSS, when compared to the Single Collaborative Spectrum Sensing (SCSS) scheme and Non-Cooperation Sensing (NCS) scheme, is closer to the practical value of routing establishment. Besides, it is observed that the number of available channels and hop counts also affect the success rate of routing establishment.

[1]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio, Part II: Multiuser Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[2]  Mustafa ElNainay,et al.  A multi-metric routing protocol with service differentiation for cognitive radio ad-hoc networks , 2013, MSWiM.

[3]  Leonidas Georgiadis,et al.  Algorithms for precomputing constrained widest paths and multicast trees , 2005, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[4]  Yuguang Fang,et al.  Coolest Path: Spectrum Mobility Aware Routing Metrics in Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, 2011 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[5]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  OPERA: Optimal Routing Metric for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[6]  Kang G. Shin,et al.  Efficient Discovery of Spectrum Opportunities with MAC-Layer Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[7]  Takeo Fujii,et al.  Radio environment aware stable routing for multi-hop cognitive radio networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC).

[8]  Kai-Yeung Siu,et al.  New dynamic algorithms for shortest path tree computation , 2000, TNET.

[9]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  Joint Channel Selection and Opportunistic Forwarding in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.

[10]  Sharifah Kamilah Syed Yusof,et al.  Proactive integrated handoff management in cognitive radio mobile ad hoc networks , 2013, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[11]  Kwang-Cheng Chen,et al.  Spectrum Aware Opportunistic Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.

[12]  Yiming Wang,et al.  Analysis and Optimization of Sensing Reliability for Relay-Based Dual-Stage Collaborative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2013, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[13]  Francesca Cuomo,et al.  Gymkhana: A Connectivity-Based Routing Scheme for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks , 2010, 2010 INFOCOM IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops.

[14]  Luigi Paura,et al.  A theoretical model for opportunistic routing in ad hoc networks , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops.

[15]  Yiming Wang,et al.  Time Agility Optimization for Dual-stage Collaborative Spectrum Sensing , 2014 .

[16]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio, Part I: Two User Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[17]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  Spectrum-Aware Opportunistic Routing in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[18]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  Routing Metrics of Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[19]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Cognitive routing with the ETX metric , 2014, 2014 13th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (MED-HOC-NET).

[20]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  CRAHNs: Cognitive radio ad hoc networks , 2009, Ad Hoc Networks.

[21]  Mustafa ElNainay,et al.  Metric-based taxonomy of routing protocols for cognitive radio ad hoc networks , 2014, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..