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The conclusions presented in the STUK report series are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of STUK 3 STUK-A231 TAPIOVAARA Markku, SIISKONEN Teemu. PCXMC. A Monte Carlo program for calculating patient doses in medical x-ray examinations. STUK-A231. Helsinki 2008, 49 pp. Summary PCXMC is a Monte Carlo program for calculating patients' organ doses and effective doses in medical x-ray examinations. The organs and tissues considered in the program are: active bone marrow The program calculates the effective dose with both the present tissue weighting factors of ICRP Publication 103 (2007) and the old tissue weighting factors of ICRP Publication 60 (1991). The anatomical data are based on the mathematical hermaphrodite phantom models of Cristy and Eckerman (1987), which describe patients of six different ages: newborn , 1, 5, 10, 15-year-old and adult patients. Some changes are made to these phantoms in order to make them more realistic for external irradiation conditions and to enable the calculation of the effective dose according to the new ICRP Publication 103 tissue weighting factors. The phantom sizes are adjustable to mimic patients of an arbitrary weight and height. PCXMC allows a free adjustment of the x-ray beam projection and other examination conditions of projection radiography and fluoroscopy. All organ doses calculated by PCXMC are relative to the incident air kerma, K a,i. This quantity represents the air kerma at the point where the central axis of the x-ray beam enters the patient. It is given in units of milligray (mGy), free-in-air, without backscatter; see ICRU 74 (2005). The user must supply this datum to the program. The amount of radiation can also be input as the entrance exposure (mR, free-in-air, without backscatter), air kerma-area product or dose-area product (mGy·cm 2), or exposure-area product (R·cm 2). If radiation measurements are not available, the program is able to estimate the incident air kerma also from an input of the x-ray tube current-time product (mAs). The dose calculation method in PCXMC is the Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo calculation of photon transport is based on stochastic mathematical simulation of interactions between photons and matter. Photons are emitted (in a fictitious mathematical sense) from a point source into the solid angle specified by the focal distance and the x-ray field dimensions, and followed while they randomly interact with the phantom according to the probability distributions of the physical processes that they …

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