Chemical sensing in slotted photonic crystal heterostructure cavities

We fabricated slotted photonic crystal waveguides and cavities supporting resonant modes in air. Their peculiar geometry enables the detection of refractive index changes in a given analyte with high sensitivity because of the large overlap between the optical mode and the analyte. This yields a high figure of merit for the sensitivity of the device and we are able to report values of S=Δλ/Δn over 1500. By applying a photonic crystal heterostructure to the slotted geometry, we are able to create high quality-factor cavities essential for realizing low detection limits up to Q=50 000.