Association of Preterm Birth and Socioeconomic Status With Neonatal Brain Structure

Key Points Question Are preterm birth, socioeconomic status (SES), and neonatal brain structure associated? Findings In this cohort study of 261 infants, after mutual adjustment, both low birth gestational age (GA) and SES were associated with brain structure. The nature of SES–brain structure associations varied depending how SES was operationalized; there were interactions between GA and measures of family-level SES on brain structure. Meaning In this study, low birth GA, and to a lesser extent SES, were associated with neonatal brain structure; further work is required to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying this association.

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