Long-Term Variations of Water Quality in Jinhae Bay

마산만, 행암만, 고현만, 원문만, 진동만 등을 포함하는 진해만 해역의 장기적 수질변동 특성을 파악하기 위하여 2000년부터 2012년까지 진해만 해역 내 9개 조사 정점에서 수질 모니터링을 실시하였다. 유기물 오염 지표인 화학적산소요구량(COD)과 부영양화와 관련이 많은 영양염류(DIN, DIP) 및 클로로필 a (Chl.-a)의 평균농도는 육상 유역으로부터의 오염부하가 큰 마산만이 대체로 높았다. 특히, 마산만의 가장 안쪽에 위치한 st.1 정점은 육상 오염원에 인접해 있고, 해수의 유동이 원활치 않은 특성 등으로 인해 가장 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 이러한 특성은 요인분석에서도 확인되었는데, 마산만st.1 정점은 표층수와 저층수 모두 유기물과 영양염류 증가 요인에 대한 영향이 주된 특징으로 나타났다. 진해만 외해경계부 정점(st.5)과 고현만(st.6), 원문만(st.7), 당항만(st.8), 진동만(st.9) 정점들은 표층수와 저층수 모두에서 유기물과영양염류의 증가 요인에 대한 영향이 마산만(st.1, st.2, st.3)이나 행암만(st.4) 정점에 비해 상대적으로 적은 것으로 나타났다. 진해만 해역 수질의 장기변동 특성을 살핀 결과, 표층 COD 농도는 뚜렷한 감소경향이 없었지만, 저층 COD 농도는 마산만 st.1 정점을 제외한 나머지 8개 정점에서 뚜렷한 감소경향을 보였다. 그리고 영양염류(DIN, DIP) 농도의경우, 표층과 저층 모두 그리고 9개 정점 모두에서 두드러진 감소추세를 나타냈다. 마산만에서의 감소추세는 특별관리해역 지정 이후 시행된 오염총량제 등이 수질 개선에 영향을 준 것으로 판단되며, 이와 더불어 진해만 해역이 전반적으로 함께 영향을 받은 것으로 여겨진다.Abstract − In order to reveal the long-term variations of water quality in Jinhae Bay, water qualities had been moni-tored at 9 survey stations of Jinhae Bay during 2000~2012. The surface and bottom waters concentrations of chemi-cal oxygen demand (COD), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), andchlorophyll-a (Chl.-a) were higher at the survey stations of Masan Bay than the stations of other Bays. Especially,station 1 which is located at the inner area of Masan Bay had the highest values in the concentrations of COD, DIN,and Chl.-a because there were terrestrial pollutant sources near the station 1 and sea current had not well circulatedin the inner area of Masan Bay. In factor analysis, the station 1 also had the highest factor values related to factorswhich increase organic matters and nutrients in surface and bottom waters of Masan Bay. However, the stations(st.5, st.6, st.7, st.8, and st.9) of other Bays had lower values of the factors. In time series analysis, the COD concen-trations of the bottom waters at 8 stations except for station 1 distinctly decreased. However, the COD concentra-tions of the surface waters showed no distinct decrease trends at all stations. In the concentrations of nutrients (DINand DIP) of both surface and bottom waters, there were tremendous decrease trends at all stations. Therefore, thesedistinct decrease trends of the COD in bottom waters and the nutrients in surface and bottom waters of Jinhae Baycould have been associated with water improvement actions such as TPLMS (total pollution load management system).Keywords: Jinhae Bay(진해만), Chemical Oxygen Demand(화학적산소요구량), Nutrients(영양염류), Long-term Variations of Water Quality(장기 수질변동)

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