Analysis of class I complexity induced spherical polytropic models for compact objects

In this research, we present a comprehensive framework that uses a complexity factor to analyze class I generalized relativistic polytropes. We establish class I generalized Lane–Emden equations using the Karmarkar condition under both isothermal and non-isothermal regimes. Our approach considers a spherically symmetric fluid distribution for two cases of the generalized polytropic equation of state: 1) the mass density case μ o and 2) the energy density case μ. To obtain numerical solutions for both cases, we solve two sets of differential equations that incorporate the complexity factor. Finally, we conduct a graphical analysis of these solutions.

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