Alginate poly and oligosaccharide (AOS) from Sargassum sp. as immunostimulant in gnotobiotic artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assay against pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi

Alginate is a polysaccharide derived from Sargassum sp. and is a potent immunostimulant with antibacterial activity, including against Vibrio spp. This genus of bacteria is found in freshwater and marine environments and is a common infectious, pathogenic bacteria both for aquatic cultivans and humans. Here, we determined the ability of sodium alginate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides (AOS) to act as immunostimulants in Artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assays against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. harveyi. The AOS was produced by thermal heating. Dry sodium alginates were weighed out from 4.21 to 6.47 grams with a yield varying from 21.05 to 32.35%. Alginate polysaccharides were challenged against V harveyi and showed 8 positive results. The highest inhibitor zone was 12.962±3.623 mm. Based on 18 tests, AOS showed 12 positive results, with the highest inhibitor zone being 10.250±0.09 mm. The encapsulated alginate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, and the non-challenged tests without any Vibrio spp. addition resulted in the best concentrations of 800 ppm (polysaccharide) and 600 ppm (oligosaccharide), respectively. The lower concentration of oligosaccharides alginate were more effective and has the potential to be superior as an antibacterial agent and immunestimulant, as opposed to alginate polysaccharide.

[1]  Zhao-jun Chen,et al.  MXene quantum dot within natural 3D watermelon peel matrix for biocompatible flexible sensing platform , 2021, Nano Research.

[2]  Xuegang Luo,et al.  Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Acanthacorydalis fruhstorferi van der Weele (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) , 2021, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society.

[3]  Feng Wang,et al.  Core-shell chitosan microsphere with antimicrobial and vascularized functions for promoting skin wound healing , 2021 .

[4]  Yanyan Zhang,et al.  Effect of ultrasonic intensity on structure and properties of wheat starch-monoglyceride complex and its influence on quality of norther-style Chinese steamed bread , 2021 .

[5]  Y. Liu,et al.  Discovery of thiosemicarbazone derivatives as effective New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitors against NDM-1 producing clinical isolates , 2020, Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B.

[6]  Anchal Singh,et al.  Microencapsulation of Probiotics by Exopolysaccharides-sodium Alginate and Evaluation of their Survival in Simulated GI Conditions , 2020 .

[7]  F. Bozkurt,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum loaded sodium alginate edible films , 2020, Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization.

[8]  Jehee Lee,et al.  Development of phage delivery by bioencapsulation of artemia nauplii with Edwardsiella tarda phage (ETP-1) , 2020, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.

[9]  Jijun Tang,et al.  MK-FSVM-SVDD: A Multiple Kernel-based Fuzzy SVM Model for Predicting DNA-binding Proteins via Support Vector Data Description , 2020, Current Bioinformatics.

[10]  Wenxia Wang,et al.  Preparation of alginate oligosaccharides and their biological activities in plants: A review. , 2020, Carbohydrate research.

[11]  S. Subagiyo,et al.  Preliminary Study of Polysaccharide and Oligosaccharide Alginate (AOS) as Prebiotic of Probiotic Bacteria , 2020, Jurnal Kelautan Tropis.

[12]  David L. Williams,et al.  Beta-glucan's varying structure characteristics modulate survival and immune-related genes expression from Vibrio harveyi-infected Artemia franciscana in gnotobiotic conditions. , 2020, Fish & shellfish immunology.

[13]  Yugu Li,et al.  Oral vaccination using Artemia coated with recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing cyprinid herpesvirus-3 envelope antigen induces protective immunity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) larvae. , 2020, Research in veterinary science.

[14]  Xiaoqian Tang,et al.  A competitive-type pressure-dependent immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of Diacetoxyscirpenol in wheat via monoclonal antibody. , 2020, Analytical chemistry.

[15]  Yizhe Yan,et al.  Effect of plasma-activated water on the structure and in vitro digestibility of waxy and normal maize starches during heat-moisture treatment. , 2020, Food chemistry.

[16]  Q. Yan,et al.  Alginate Oligosaccharides: Production, Biological Activities, and Potential Applications. , 2019, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety.

[17]  J. Praiboon,et al.  Bioencapsulation efficacy of sulfated galactans in adult Artemia salina for enhancing immunity in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. , 2019, Fish & shellfish immunology.

[18]  Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai,et al.  Hepatic disease and the risk of mortality of Vibrio vulnificus necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis , 2019, PloS one.

[19]  Chung-te Lee,et al.  Adaptation to host in Vibrio vulnificus, a zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia in fish and humans. , 2019, Environmental microbiology.

[20]  Chun Liu,et al.  Preparation and characterization of multilayer films composed of chitosan, sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles. , 2019, Food chemistry.

[21]  Dechao Zhang,et al.  Vibrio profundi sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea seamount , 2019, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

[22]  A. Isnansetyo,et al.  Alginate from Sargassum siliquosum Simultaneously Stimulates Innate Immunity, Upregulates Immune Genes, and Enhances Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Against White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) , 2019, Marine Biotechnology.

[23]  Xixi Li,et al.  The pathogenicity characterization of non‐O1 Vibrio cholerae and its activation on immune system in freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense , 2019, Fish & shellfish immunology.

[24]  P. Bossier,et al.  High doses of sodium ascorbate act as a prooxidant and protect gnotobiotic brine shrimp larvae (Artemia franciscana) against Vibrio harveyi infection coinciding with heat shock protein 70 activation , 2019, Developmental and comparative immunology.

[25]  Q. Zou,et al.  Gene2vec: gene subsequence embedding for prediction of mammalian N6-methyladenosine sites from mRNA , 2018, RNA.

[26]  Shuran Yang,et al.  Occurrence of four pathogenic Vibrios in Chinese freshwater fish farms in 2016 , 2019, Food Control.

[27]  S. Wong,et al.  Discovery on Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Selangor Reveals Carbapenemase Producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Marine and Freshwater Fish , 2018, Front. Microbiol..

[28]  V. Khutoryanskiy,et al.  Development of surfactant-coated alginate capsules containing Lactobacillus plantarum , 2018, Food Hydrocolloids.

[29]  Kathryn M. Kauffman,et al.  Widespread distribution of prophage-encoded virulence factors in marine Vibrio communities , 2018, Scientific Reports.

[30]  M. Waldor,et al.  Vibrio spp. infections , 2018, Nature Reviews Disease Primers.

[31]  Z. Arifin,et al.  Free Radicals Scavenging Activities of Low Molecular Weight Sodium Alginate (LMWSA) from Sargassum polycystum, Produced by Thermal Treatment , 2018 .

[32]  Tian Ding,et al.  Green synthesis of sodium alginate-silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity. , 2018, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[33]  D. Westphal,et al.  Vibrio Population Dynamics in Mid-Atlantic Surface Waters during Saharan Dust Events , 2018, Front. Mar. Sci..

[34]  Donghong Liu,et al.  Formation of hydrogels based on chitosan/alginate for the delivery of lysozyme and their antibacterial activity. , 2018, Food chemistry.

[35]  Wei Tang,et al.  Tumor origin detection with tissue‐specific miRNA and DNA methylation markers , 2018, Bioinform..

[36]  A. Meyer,et al.  Characterization of alginates from Ghanaian brown seaweeds: Sargassum spp. and Padina spp , 2017 .

[37]  A. Isnansetyo,et al.  Characterizing the Three Different Alginate Type of Sargassum siliquosum , 2017 .

[38]  Mustafa A. Fawzy,et al.  Optimization of alginate alkaline extraction technology from Sargassum latifolium and its potential antioxidant and emulsifying properties. , 2017, Carbohydrate polymers.

[39]  Xie Zhenyu,et al.  Identification of pathogenicity, investigation of virulent gene distribution and development of a virulent strain-specific detection PCR method for Vibrio harveyi isolated from Hainan Province and Guangdong Province, China , 2017 .

[40]  R. Molinié,et al.  Production of guluronate oligosaccharide of alginate from brown algae Stypocaulon scoparium using an alginate lyase , 2017, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[41]  Meixia Guo,et al.  Accuracy of space-for-time substitution for vegetation state prediction following shrub restoration , 2016 .

[42]  P. Srinivasan,et al.  Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi isolated from shrimp aquaculture environment in the south east coast of India. , 2016, Microbial pathogenesis.

[43]  Triyanto,et al.  Innate immune-stimulating and immune genes up-regulating activities of three types of alginate from Sargassum siliquosum in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. , 2016, Fish & shellfish immunology.

[44]  Yuguang Du,et al.  Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alginate to Produce Oligosaccharides by a New Purified Endo-Type Alginate Lyase , 2016, Marine drugs.

[45]  Yongshuai Jiang,et al.  Alzheimer’s Disease Variants with the Genome-Wide Significance are Significantly Enriched in Immune Pathways and Active in Immune Cells , 2015, Molecular Neurobiology.

[46]  Fengyu Quan,et al.  Microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sodium alginate and their antibacterial activity , 2014 .

[47]  Y. Nakaguchi.  Contamination by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Its Virulent Strains in Seafood Marketed in Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia , 2013, Tropical medicine and health.

[48]  M. Allender,et al.  Bioencapsulation of Fenbendazole in Adult Artemia , 2012 .

[49]  S. Lapatra,et al.  Advances in fish vaccine delivery. , 2011, Developmental and comparative immunology.

[50]  G. Immanuel,et al.  Antibacterial effect of medium-chain fatty acid: caprylic acid on gnotobiotic Artemia franciscana nauplii against shrimp pathogens Vibrio harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus , 2011, Aquaculture International.

[51]  J. Oliver,et al.  Vibrio vulnificus: Disease and Pathogenesis , 2009, Infection and Immunity.

[52]  J. Oliver,et al.  The ecology of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in North Carolina Estuaries , 2008, The Journal of Microbiology.

[53]  Yi-Cheng Su,et al.  Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a concern of seafood safety. , 2007, Food microbiology.

[54]  R. Hsu,et al.  Necrotizing soft-tissue infections and sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus compared with those caused by Aeromonas species. , 2007, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[55]  G. Immanuel,et al.  Delivery of HUFA, probionts and biomedicine through bioencapsulated Artemia as a means to enhance the growth and survival and reduce the pathogenesity in shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae , 2007, Aquaculture International.

[56]  W. Verstraete,et al.  Quorum Sensing-Disrupting Brominated Furanones Protect the Gnotobiotic Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana from Pathogenic Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio campbellii, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates , 2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[57]  Xiaohua Zhang,et al.  Vibrio harveyi: a significant pathogen of marine vertebrates and invertebrates , 2006, Letters in applied microbiology.

[58]  A. Marques,et al.  Immunostimulatory nature of beta-glucans and baker's yeast in gnotobiotic Artemia challenge tests. , 2006, Fish & shellfish immunology.

[59]  Huashi Guan,et al.  Antibacterial activity of lyase-depolymerized products of alginate , 2005, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[60]  Ø. Bergh,et al.  High-M alginate immunostimulation of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) larvae using Artemia for delivery, increases resistance against vibriosis , 2004 .

[61]  Kathryn J Boor,et al.  Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. , 2004, Foodborne pathogens and disease.

[62]  R. Atlas.  Handbook of Microbiological Media, Third Edition , 2004 .

[63]  P. Sorgeloos,et al.  Vaccination of European sea bass fry through bioencapsulation of Artemia nauplii , 1994, Aquaculture International.

[64]  M. Rust,et al.  Uptake of erythromycin by first-feeding sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), fed live or freeze-dried enriched adult Artemia or medicated pellets. , 2003, Journal of fish diseases.

[65]  P. Sorgeloos,et al.  Applications of Artemia , 2002 .

[66]  S. Altekruse,et al.  Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the United States, 1973-1998. , 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[67]  Xiaohua Zhang,et al.  Pathogenicity of Vibrio harveyi to salmonids , 2000 .

[68]  F. Abreu-Grobois,et al.  Bioencapsulation of Two Different VibrioSpecies in Nauplii of the Brine Shrimp (Artemia franciscana) , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[69]  D. Voltolina,et al.  Effects of bacterial isolates from Skeletonema costatum cultures on the survival of Artemia franciscana nauplii , 1995 .

[70]  K. Horikoshi,et al.  Characterisation of an amylase from a psychrotrophic Vibrio isolated from a deep-sea mud sample , 1991 .

[71]  A. Bauer,et al.  Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. , 1966, American journal of clinical pathology.