Synthesis and characterization of new bifunctional nanocomposites possessing upconversion and oxygen-sensing properties

A new type of bifunctional nanocomposites for biomedical applications, upconversion NaY F(4):Y b(3+), Tm(3+) nanoparticles coated with Ru(II) complex chemically doped SiO(2), has been developed by combining the useful functions of upconversion and oxygen-sensing properties into one nanoparticle. NaY F(4):Y b(3+), Tm(3+) nanoparticles were successfully coated with an Ru(II) complex doped SiO(2) shell with a thickness of approximately 30 nm, and the surface of the SiO(2) was functionalized with amines. The obtained nanocomposites exhibited bright blue upconversion emission, and the luminescent emission intensity of the Ru(II) complex in the nanocomposites was sensitive to oxygen. Compared with the simple mixture of Ru(II) complex and SiO(2), the core-shell nanocomposites showed better linearity between emission intensity of Ru(II) complex and oxygen concentrations. These bifunctional nanocomposites may find applications in biochemical and biomedical fields, such as biolabels and optical oxygen sensors, which can measure the oxygen concentrations in biological fluids.

[1]  V. Yam,et al.  Sensitive single-layered oxygen-sensing systems: polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes covalently attached or deposited as langmuir-blodgett monolayer on glass surfaces. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[2]  H. Tanke,et al.  Detection of cell and tissue surface antigens using up-converting phosphors: a new reporter technology. , 1999, Analytical biochemistry.

[3]  Ping Huang,et al.  Intense ultraviolet upconversion luminescence from Tm3+∕Yb3+:β-YF3 nanocrystals embedded glass ceramic , 2007 .

[4]  S. J. Payne,et al.  Multi-emissive difluoroboron dibenzoylmethane polylactide exhibiting intense fluorescence and oxygen-sensitive room-temperature phosphorescence. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[5]  B. P. Sullivan,et al.  Mixed phosphine 2,2'-bipyridine complexes of ruthenium , 1978 .

[6]  S. Nie,et al.  Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection. , 1998, Science.

[7]  James P. Collman,et al.  Surface Acoustic Wave Oxygen Sensor , 1994 .

[8]  Zhengquan Li,et al.  Monodisperse silica-coated polyvinylpyrrolidone/NaYF(4) nanocrystals with multicolor upconversion fluorescence emission. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[9]  Jing Cheng,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of multi-functional nanoparticles possessing magnetic, up-conversion fluorescence and bio-affinity properties , 2004 .

[10]  O. Wolfbeis,et al.  Dual fluorescence sensor for trace oxygen and temperature with unmatched range and sensitivity. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[11]  J. Ying,et al.  Nanoparticle Architectures Templated by SiO2/Fe2O3 Nanocomposites , 2006 .

[12]  Bin Li,et al.  Luminescence and oxygen sensing properties of ORMOSILs covalently grafted with a novel ruthenium(II) complex , 2009 .

[13]  Jun Lin,et al.  Different Microstructures of β-NaYF4 Fabricated by Hydrothermal Process: Effects of pH Values and Fluoride Sources , 2007 .

[14]  J. Zink,et al.  Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles , 2009 .

[15]  I Klimant,et al.  Red light-excitable oxygen sensing materials based on platinum(II) and palladium(II) benzoporphyrins. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[16]  L. Fu,et al.  Mesostructured thin film with covalently grafted europium complex , 2002 .

[17]  Ping Zhang,et al.  Synthesis and assembly with mesoporous silica MCM-48 of platinum(II) porphyrin complexes bearing carbazyl groups: spectroscopic and oxygen sensing properties. , 2006, Inorganic chemistry.

[18]  Hongwei Song,et al.  Upconversion Properties of Ln3+ Doped NaYF4/Polymer Composite Fibers Prepared by Electrospinning , 2008 .

[19]  Xi Chen,et al.  Characterization of ormosil film for dissolved oxygen-sensing , 2002 .

[20]  Miaomiao Wang,et al.  Spontaneous Assembly of Helical Cyanine Dye Aggregates on DNA Nanotemplates , 1999 .

[21]  Liming Zhang,et al.  Synthesis, Characterization, and Oxygen Sensing Properties of Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15 and MCM-41 with a Covalently Linked Ruthenium(II) Complex , 2007 .

[22]  Wenlian Li,et al.  Preparation and oxygen sensing properties of a sol–gel derived thin film based on a covalently grafted ruthenium(II) complex , 2007 .

[23]  W. Tan,et al.  Dual-luminophore-doped silica nanoparticles for multiplexed signaling. , 2005, Nano letters.

[24]  Hong Zhang,et al.  Controlled synthesis, formation mechanism, and great enhancement of red upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals/submicroplates at low doping level. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[25]  Xiao-bo Chen,et al.  Study on six-photon and five-photon ultraviolet upconversion luminescence , 2007 .

[26]  Wenjun Yang,et al.  Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Application of Size-Controlled Nanocrystalline NaYF4:Yb,Er Infrared-to-Visible Up-Conversion Phosphors , 2004 .

[27]  T. Nann,et al.  Single Quantum Dots in Silica Spheres by Microemulsion Synthesis , 2005 .

[28]  Lijin Tian,et al.  Controlled synthesis and morphology dependent upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb, Er nanocrystals , 2007 .

[29]  Ángel Maquieira,et al.  Functionalized europium oxide nanoparticles used as a fluorescent label in an immunoassay for atrazine , 2003 .

[30]  R. Waynant,et al.  Mid–infrared laser applications in medicine and biology , 2001, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[31]  Yitai Qian,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of Near-Infrared Luminescent Bifunctional Core/Shell Nanocomposites , 2008 .

[32]  Mitchell A. Winnik,et al.  Polymer/Silica Composite Films as Luminescent Oxygen Sensors , 2001 .

[33]  Yi Zhang,et al.  Bifunctional Nanoparticles with Magnetization and Luminescence , 2009 .

[34]  Salvatore Giuffrida,et al.  Photoluminescence of a covalent assembled porphyrin-based monolayer: optical behavior in the presence of O2. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[35]  Lili Wang,et al.  β-NaYF4 and β-NaYF4:Eu3+ Microstructures: Morphology Control and Tunable Luminescence Properties , 2009 .

[36]  Guonan Chen,et al.  A novel sensor based on the porous plastic probe for determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater. , 2008, Talanta.

[37]  Qing Peng,et al.  Fluorescence resonant energy transfer biosensor based on upconversion-luminescent nanoparticles. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[38]  Yadong Li,et al.  Green upconversion nanocrystals for DNA detection. , 2006, Chemical communications.

[39]  Ping Zhang,et al.  Oxygen sensing materials based on mesoporous silica MCM-41 and Pt(II)–porphyrin complexes , 2005 .

[40]  A. Cranny,et al.  A low cost oxygen sensor fabricated as a screen-printed semiconductor device suitable for unheated operation at ambient temperatures , 1998 .

[41]  V. Yam,et al.  Multifunctional ruthenium(II) polypyridine complex-based core-shell magnetic silica nanocomposites: magnetism, luminescence, and electrochemiluminescence. , 2008, ACS nano.

[42]  Markus P. Hehlen,et al.  Hexagonal Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Based Green and Blue Emitting Upconversion Phosphors , 2004 .

[43]  T. Yoko,et al.  Fluorescence Properties of the Ru(bpy)32+ Complex Incorporated in Sol−Gel-Derived Silica Coating Films , 1997 .

[44]  Wenlian Li,et al.  Mesostructured Silica Chemically Doped with RuII as a Superior Optical Oxygen Sensor , 2006 .

[45]  Wolfgang Kern,et al.  Novel oxygen optrode withstanding autoclavation: technical solutions and performance , 2001 .

[46]  Shaoming Huang,et al.  Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Umbilicate Bi2WO6 Microspheres from Nanoplates: Controlled Synthesis, Photocatalytic Activities, and Wettability , 2009 .

[47]  K. Krämer,et al.  Novel materials doped with trivalent lanthanides and transition metal ions showing near-infrared to visible photon upconversion , 2005 .

[48]  Mitchell A. Winnik,et al.  Luminescence Quenching in Polymer/Filler Nanocomposite Films Used in Oxygen Sensors , 2001 .

[49]  P. Voort,et al.  Characterization and Chemical Modification of the Silica Surface , 1995 .

[50]  B. Li,et al.  Synthesis, photophysical and oxygen-sensing properties of a novel bluish-green emission Cu(I) complex , 2009 .

[51]  Jun Ding,et al.  Monodisperse silica nanoparticles encapsulating upconversion fluorescent and superparamagnetic nanocrystals. , 2008, Chemical communications.

[52]  Hyungrak Kim,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of Co/CdSe core/shell nanocomposites: bifunctional magnetic-optical nanocrystals. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[53]  M. Haase,et al.  Highly Efficient Multicolour Upconversion Emission in Transparent Colloids of Lanthanide‐Doped NaYF4 Nanocrystals , 2004 .

[54]  Haifeng Zhao,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of a new trifunctional magnetic–photoluminescent–oxygen-sensing nanomaterial , 2008, Nanotechnology.