Suggestions for improvements to the definitions of SPAR-H performance shaping factors, to the definitions of the levels, and suggestions for changes in the multipliers.

In this paper the definitions and the content of six of SPAR-H performance shaping factors are discussed. The six factors discussed are "Available time", "Stress/Stressors", "Experience/Training", "Procedures", "Fitness for Duty" and "Work Processes". The discussion is based on a literature study on performance shaping factors, on interviews with consultants that have done SPAR-H analysis in the petroleum industry and from reading Human Reliability Analysis reports where SPAR-H have been used. The conclusions in this paper are: 1) New description of SPAR-H PSFs should be developed where the descriptions of each PSF do not overlap so much. 2) The guidelines should also give more advice to help the analyst to select PSFs levels when multiple PSFs might have a positive or negative impact on error probabilities. 3) New multipliers should be developed from an expert judgment, which is based on a review of the existing literature on PSFs, and with knowledge of the work in control room today,

[1]  C. D. De Dreu,et al.  Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: a meta-analysis. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[2]  Oliver Sträter,et al.  Evaluation of New Developments in Cognitive Error Modeling and Quantification: Time Reliability Correlation , 1996 .

[3]  Ann Williamson,et al.  The link between fatigue and safety. , 2011, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[4]  Dana E. Sims,et al.  Is there a “Big Five” in Teamwork? , 2005 .

[5]  Kathy McCarthy,et al.  Idaho National Laboratory , 2009 .

[6]  A. D. Swain,et al.  Handbook of human-reliability analysis with emphasis on nuclear power plant applications. Final report , 1983 .

[7]  Arvin W. Hahn REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT , 1964 .

[8]  R. L. Brune,et al.  Peer-review study of the draft handbook for human-reliability analysis with emphasis on nuclear-power-plant applications, NUREG/CR-1278 , 1983 .

[9]  Ronald L. Boring How Many Performance Shaping Factors are Necessary for Human Reliability Analysis , 2010 .

[10]  Ronald L. Boring,et al.  SPAR-H Step-by-Step Guidance , 2011 .

[11]  John E. Hunter,et al.  Job experience correlates of job performance. , 1988 .

[12]  Frank W Guldenmund,et al.  (Mis)understanding Safety Culture and Its Relationship to Safety Management , 2010, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.

[13]  Colin Summerhayes,et al.  Deep Water – The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling , 2011 .

[14]  J. Hunter,et al.  Validity and Utility of Alternative Predictors of Job Performance , 1984 .

[15]  W. P. Burke Development of Predictors of Performance under Stress in Jumpmaster Training , 1980 .

[16]  Mark S. Teachout,et al.  THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK EXPERIENCE AND JOB PERFORMANCE: A CONCEPTUAL AND META‐ANALYTIC REVIEW , 1995 .

[17]  E. Salas,et al.  Introduction: The Study of Stress and Human Performance , 1996 .

[18]  The origins of the SPAR-H method’s performance shaping factor multipliers , 2007, 2007 IEEE 8th Human Factors and Power Plants and HPRCT 13th Annual Meeting.

[19]  Simon Folkard,et al.  Modeling the impact of the components of long work hours on injuries and "accidents". , 2006, American journal of industrial medicine.

[20]  Karin Laumann,et al.  Task complexity as a performance shaping factor: A review and recommendations in Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) adaption , 2015 .

[21]  Craig Johnson,et al.  Development of Quantitative Specifications for Simulating the Stress Environment , 1992 .

[22]  Eduardo Salas,et al.  Stress and human performance , 1996 .