Mobility behavior of the elderly: an attitude-based segmentation approach for a heterogeneous target group

The western population is ageing. Based on the assumption that the elderly are a quite heterogeneous population group with an increasing impact on the transport system, mobility types of the elderly were identified. By means of 1,500 standardized telephone interviews, mobility behavior and possible determinantes including infrastructural, sociodemographic and attitudinal variables, were assessed. The most important factors, identified by five regression analyses, served as type-constituent variables in a series of cluster analyses. The final cluster solution resulted in four segments of the elderly named Captive Car Users, Affluent Mobiles, Self-Determined Mobiles, and Captive Public Transport Users. The groups showed distinct mobility patterns as well as significant differences in infrastructural, sociodemographic and attitudinal variables. The study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse lifestyles, attitudes, travel behavior and needs of the elderly. Furthermore, it identifies starting points for the reduction of car use.

[1]  L. Festinger,et al.  A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance , 2017 .

[2]  S. Schwartz.  Normative Influences on Altruism , 1977 .

[3]  David J. Reibstein,et al.  Structural models for the analysis of traveler attitude-behavior relationships , 1978 .

[4]  I. Ajzen.  The theory of planned behavior , 1991 .

[5]  G. Der,et al.  Do housing tenure and car access predict health because they are simply markers of income or self esteem? A Scottish study. , 1998, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[6]  MOBILITAETSSTILE IN FREIBURG UND SCHWERIN. ERGEBNISSE EINES SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN PROJEKTS ZU "MOBILITAETSLEITBILDERN UND VERKEHRSVERHALTEN" , 1998 .

[7]  Carmen Tanner,et al.  CONSTRAINTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR , 1999 .

[8]  Thomas F. Golob,et al.  Joint Models of Attitudes and Behavior in Evaluation of the San Diego I-15 Congestion Pricing Project , 1999 .

[9]  H. Staats,et al.  Explaining Proenvironmental Intention and Behavior by Personal Norms and the Theory of Planned Behavior1 , 1999 .

[10]  L. Steg.  CAR USE: LUST AND MUST , 2001 .

[11]  E. Matthies,et al.  Responsibility and Environment , 2001 .

[12]  Linda Steg,et al.  INSTRUMENTAL-REASONED AND SYMBOLIC-AFFECTIVE MOTIVES FOR USING A MOTOR CAR , 2001 .

[13]  A. Ellaway,et al.  Housing tenure and car access: further exploration of the nature of their relations with health in a UK setting , 2001, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[14]  P. Schmidt,et al.  Theory‐Driven Subgroup‐Specific Evaluation of an Intervention to Reduce Private Car Use1 , 2001 .

[15]  Sandra Rosenbloom,et al.  Sustainability and automobility among the elderly: An international assessment , 2001 .

[16]  Gina Sylvestre,et al.  Determinants of the Travel Behavior of the Suburban Elderly , 2001 .

[17]  R. Gifford,et al.  Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior : Predicting the Use of Public Transportation ' , 2002 .

[18]  Anne Ellaway,et al.  In the driving seat: psychosocial benefits from private motor vehicle transport compared to public transport , 2003 .

[19]  E. Hildebrand.  Dimensions in elderly travel behaviour: A simplified activity-based model using lifestyle clusters , 2003 .

[20]  P. Schmidt,et al.  Incentives, Morality, Or Habit? Predicting Students’ Car Use for University Routes With the Models of Ajzen, Schwartz, and Triandis , 2003 .

[21]  Joachim Scheiner,et al.  Freizeitmobilität älterer Menschen , 2003 .

[22]  D. Hensher,et al.  The mobility and accessibility expectations of seniors in an aging population , 2003 .

[23]  Anu Kristiina Siren,et al.  PRIVATE CAR AS THE GRAND EQUALISER? DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND MOBILITY IN FINNISH MEN AND WOMEN AGED 65+ , 2004 .

[24]  A. Páez,et al.  Travel behavior within Canada’s older population: a cohort analysis , 2005 .

[25]  Linda Steg,et al.  Car use: lust and must. Instrumental, symbolic and affective motives for car use , 2005 .

[26]  J. Anable,et al.  All Work and No Play? The role of instrumental and affective factors in work and leisure journeys by different travel modes , 2005 .

[27]  Jillian Anable,et al.  'Complacent Car Addicts' or 'Aspiring Environmentalists'? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory , 2005 .

[28]  R. Rhodes,et al.  Relationships among dog ownership and leisure-time walking in Western Canadian adults. , 2006, American journal of preventive medicine.

[29]  Christian Holz-Rau,et al.  StadtLeben - Wohnen, Mobilität und Lebensstil. Neue Perspektiven für Raum- und Verkehrsentwicklung. , 2006 .

[30]  T Tamara Derksen,et al.  Enhancing mobility in later life, by H. Mollenkopf, F. Marcellini, I. Ruoppila, Z. Széman, M. Tacken; 2005 , 2006 .

[31]  S. Haustein,et al.  Reduced use of environmentally friendly modes of transportation caused by perceived mobility necessities: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. , 2007 .

[32]  G Rudinger,et al.  Smart Modes: Senioren als Fussgaenger und Radfahrer im Kontext alterstypischer Aktivitaetsmuster / Smart Modes - Walking and Cycling: Typical Activity Patterns of Senior Citizens , 2007 .

[33]  S. Bamberg,et al.  Social context, personal norms and the use of public transportation: Two field studies , 2007 .

[34]  S. Haustein,et al.  Psychological, sociodemographic, and infrastructural factors as determinants of ecological impact caused by mobility behavior , 2007 .

[35]  Residential and Travel Choices of Elderly Residents of Northern California , 2007 .

[36]  Darren M. Scott,et al.  Elderly Mobility: Demographic and Spatial Analysis of Trip Making in the Hamilton CMA, Canada , 2007 .

[37]  Wilko Manz,et al.  Verkehrsmittelnutzung unter Einfluss von Wetterlage und -empfindlichkeit , 2007 .

[38]  S Haustein,et al.  Subjektive Sicherheit von Senioren im Strassenverkehr / Perceived danger in road traffic by seniors , 2008 .

[39]  Harry Timmermans,et al.  More gray hair—but for whom? Scenario-based simulations of elderly activity travel patterns in 2020 , 2008 .

[40]  J. Anable,et al.  Smarter Choices: Assessing the Potential to Achieve Traffic Reduction Using ‘Soft Measures’ , 2008 .

[41]  Mobilität von Senioren : Ein Segmentierungsansatz als Grundlage zi elgruppenspezifischer Angebote , 2008 .

[42]  L. Hakamies‐Blomqvist,et al.  Mobility and Well‐being in Old Age , 2009 .

[43]  Sonja Haustein,et al.  Attitude-Based Target Groups to Reduce the Ecological Impact of Daily Mobility Behavior , 2010 .

[44]  Sandra Rosenbloom,et al.  How adult children in the UK and the US view the driving cessation of their parents: Is a policy window opening? , 2010 .

[45]  A. Siren,et al.  Mobility in different generations of older persons: The development of daily travel in different cohorts in Denmark, Norway and Sweden , 2010 .