Plant nutrient management and risks of nitrous oxide emission

Global fertilizer production and farmer use has made it possible to provide 40% to 60% of the global crop and food production necessary to sustain the human family (Erisman et al. 2008; Stewart et al. 2005). Because the world's population is growing, it has been projected that we may need to produce 50% more food by 2050 to meet the needs of nine billion people (Tomlinson 2011; Whitacre et al. 2010). Nitrogen (N) fertilizers have had a tremendously beneficial impact on society, and at least half of humanity currently depends on the food production made possible by the Haber–Bosch ammonia (NH3) synthesis process (Erisman et al. 2008). The agricultural community and nonagrarian society have a heightened awareness and are recognizing that it is becoming more important to provide balance in the use of N and other nutrient inputs for the production of food, feed, fiber, and biofuel to help achieve sustainability goals (IFA 2007). The environmental risks and consequences of increased reactive N inputs to the earth's ecosystems are also being considered and have been the subject of many environmental reports (Davidson et al. 2012; Galloway et al. 2003, 2004; Follett and Delgado 2002; Howarth 2010; Matson 1998; Schlesinger et…

[1]  G. Robertson,et al.  Nonlinear response of N2O flux to incremental fertilizer addition in a continuous maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system , 2005 .

[2]  J. W. Doran,et al.  Managing soil denitrification , 2002 .

[3]  G. Likens,et al.  Technical Report: Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Sources and Consequences , 1997 .

[4]  Isobel Tomlinson,et al.  Doubling food production to feed the 9 billion: a critical perspective on a key discourse of food security in the UK , 2013 .

[5]  R. Howarth.  Coastal nitrogen pollution: A review of sources and trends globally and regionally , 2008 .

[6]  Gyles W. Randall,et al.  Nitrate Losses to Surface Water Through Subsurface, Tile Drainage , 2008 .

[7]  Pete Smith,et al.  'Agriculture', in Climate change 2007: mitigation , 2007 .

[8]  U. Schmidhalter,et al.  Effects of urease and nitrification inhibitors added to urea on nitrous oxide emissions from a loess soil. , 2009 .

[9]  Jorge A. Delgado,et al.  QUANTIFYING THE LOSS MECHANISMS OF NITROGEN , 2002 .

[10]  D. Archer,et al.  Greenhouse gas mitigation economics for irrigated cropping systems in northeastern Colorado. , 2010 .

[11]  K. Reckhow,et al.  Global change: The nitrogen cycle and rivers , 2006 .

[12]  K. Cassman.  Ecological intensification of cereal production systems: yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  K. Bronson,et al.  Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Irrigated Corn as Affected by Nitrification Inhibitors , 1992 .

[14]  M. Tenuta and E. G. Beauchamp,et al.  Nitrous oxide production from granular nitrogen fertilizers applied to a silt loam soil , 2003 .

[15]  A. Dobermann,et al.  Agroecosystems, Nitrogen-use Efficiency, and Nitrogen Management , 2002, Ambio.

[16]  Carolien Kroeze,et al.  Global river nutrient export: A scenario analysis of past and future trends , 2010 .

[17]  H. Flynn,et al.  Greenhouse gas budgets of crop production : current and likely future trends , 2010 .

[18]  Alan J. Schlegel,et al.  Economic and environmental impacts of long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization , 1996 .

[19]  N. Batjes,et al.  Modeling global annual N2O and NO emissions from fertilized fields , 2002 .

[20]  J. Munch,et al.  Nitrous oxide fluxes from maize fields: relationship to yield, site-specific fertilization, and soil conditions , 2003 .

[21]  G. Velthof,et al.  Towards an agronomic assessment of N2O emissions: a case study for arable crops , 2010 .

[22]  J. M. Bremner,et al.  Effects of various nitrogen fertilizers on emission of nitrous oxide from soils , 1986, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[23]  Kenneth A. Sudduth,et al.  Will Variable-Rate Nitrogen Fertilization Using Corn Canopy Reflectance Sensing Deliver Environmental Benefits? , 2010 .

[24]  Daniel T. Walters,et al.  Soil greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential in four high‐yielding maize systems , 2007 .

[25]  J. Houghton,et al.  Climate change 2001 : the scientific basis , 2001 .

[26]  Jorge A. Delgado,et al.  Mitigation Alternatives to Decrease Nitrous Oxides Emissions and Urea-Nitrogen Loss and Their Effect on Methane Flux , 1996 .

[27]  J. L. Baker,et al.  Nitrate-Nitrogen in Tile Drainage as Affected by Fertilization 1 , 1981 .

[28]  J. Lighty.  Reactive Nitrogen in the United States: An Analysis of Inputs, Flows, Consequences, and Management Options , 2011 .

[29]  Charles R. Hyatt,et al.  Polymer‐Coated Urea Maintains Potato Yields and Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Minnesota Loamy Sand , 2010 .

[30]  P. Rochette,et al.  N2O emissions from spring barley production as influenced by fertilizer nitrogen rate , 2008 .

[31]  J. Delgado,et al.  Advances in Nitrogen Management for Water Quality , 2011, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.

[32]  B. Zebarth,et al.  Effect of split application of fertilizer nitrogen on N2O emissions from potatoes , 2008 .

[33]  Jo Smith,et al.  Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture , 2008, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[34]  W. Bausch,et al.  Potential use of precision conservation techniques to reduce nitrate leaching in irrigated crops , 2005 .

[35]  A. Mosier,et al.  USE OF CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZERS AND NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS TO INCREASE NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AND TO CONSERVE AIR ANDWATER QUALITY , 2001 .

[36]  Xiaoyuan Yan,et al.  Evaluation of effectiveness of enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers as mitigation options for N2O and NO emissions from agricultural soils: meta‐analysis , 2009 .

[37]  S. Ogle,et al.  Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage , 2002 .

[38]  R. Mikkelsen,et al.  Ammonia Emissions from Agricultural Operations: Livestock , 2009 .

[39]  Peter Grace,et al.  Nitrogen fertilizer management for nitrous oxide (N2O) mitigation in intensive corn (Maize) production: an emissions reduction protocol for US Midwest agriculture , 2010 .

[40]  D. B. Nedwell,et al.  Nitrous Oxide Emission from Soil with Different Fertilizers, Water Levels and Nitrification Inhibitors , 2001 .

[41]  W. Parton,et al.  Rates and pathways of nitrous oxide production in a shortgrass steppe , 1988 .

[42]  S. Hamilton,et al.  Nitrous oxide emission from denitrification in stream and river networks , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[43]  C. Wagner-Riddle,et al.  Nitrous and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Turfgrass Receiving Different Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizer , 2000 .

[44]  A. Dobermann,et al.  Plant nutrient management for enhanced productivity in intensive grain production systems of the United States and Asia , 2002, Plant and Soil.

[45]  J. M. Bremner,et al.  Effects of rate and depth of fertilizer application on emission of nitrous oxide from soil fertilized with anhydrous ammonia , 1986, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[46]  E. Davidson.  The contribution of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to atmospheric nitrous oxide since 1860 , 2009 .

[47]  Rodney T Venterea,et al.  Fertilizer source and tillage effects on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions in a corn cropping system. , 2011, Journal of environmental quality.

[48]  J. Six,et al.  Efficiency of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Cereal Production: Retrospects and Prospects , 2005 .

[49]  David B Lobell,et al.  Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[50]  Stephen J. Del Grosso,et al.  Tillage and inorganic nitrogen source effects on nitrous oxide emissions from irrigated cropping systems. , 2010 .

[51]  G. McIsaac,et al.  Sources of nitrate yields in the Mississippi River Basin. , 2010, Journal of environmental quality.

[52]  G. Asner,et al.  Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future , 2004 .

[53]  H. Reetz,et al.  Balanced fertility management: a key to nutrient use efficiency , 1997 .

[54]  S. Carpenter,et al.  Global Consequences of Land Use , 2005, Science.

[55]  T. Way,et al.  Tillage and Fertilizer Management Effects on Soil-Atmospheric Exchanges of Methane and Nitrous Oxide in a Corn Production System , 2011 .

[56]  A. Dobermann,et al.  Site-Specific Nitrogen and Plant Density Management in Irrigated Maize , 2008 .

[57]  S. Diane Eckles,et al.  Conservation effects assessment Project , 2008 .

[58]  Matson,et al.  Integration of environmental, agronomic, and economic aspects of fertilizer management , 1998, Science.

[59]  T. Bruulsema,et al.  Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects , 2009 .

[60]  J. Hatfield,et al.  Nitrate-nitrogen patterns in the Raccoon River Basin related to agricultural practices , 2009, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.

[61]  H. Elliott,et al.  Drinking water treatment residuals: a review of recent uses. , 2011, Journal of environmental quality.

[62]  Gene E. Likens,et al.  Technical Report: Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Sources and Consequences , 1997 .

[63]  Niels H. Batjes,et al.  Emissions of N2O and NO from fertilized fields: Summary of available measurement data , 2002 .

[64]  J. Freney,et al.  Nitrous oxide emission from soils at low moisture contents , 1979 .

[65]  Philippe Rochette,et al.  Effect of fertilizer nitrogen management on N2O emissions in commercial corn fields , 2008 .

[66]  G. Robertson,et al.  Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of agricultural land management in the United States: a synthesis of the literature. Third Edition , 2011 .

[67]  Keith A. Smith,et al.  N 2 O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels , 2007 .

[68]  W. Bausch,et al.  Nitrogen fertilizer management based on site-specific management zones reduces potential for nitrate leaching , 2005 .

[69]  E. Stehfest,et al.  N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation: summarizing available measurement data and modeling of global annual emissions , 2006, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[70]  Arvin R. Mosier,et al.  The Impact of Nitrogen Placement and Tillage on NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 Fluxes from a Clay Loam Soil , 2006, Plant and Soil.

[71]  Craig F. Drury,et al.  Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide , 2006 .

[72]  Sustainable Management of the Nitrogen Cycle in Agriculture and Mitigation of Reactive Nitrogen Side Effects , 2007 .

[73]  Henry M. Leicester,et al.  A Source Book in Chemistry , 1952 .

[74]  Shown Zaor,et al.  A-A A A , 2010 .

[75]  A. Dobermann,et al.  Nutrient use efficiency - measurement and management. , 2007 .

[76]  W. M. Stewart,et al.  The Contribution of Commercial Fertilizer Nutrients to Food Production , 2005 .

[77]  Kenneth G. Cassman,et al.  Meeting Cereal Demand While Protecting Natural Resources and Improving Environmental Quality , 2003 .

[78]  R. Mikkelsen.  Ammonia emissions from agricultural operations: fertilizer. , 2009 .

[79]  W. Winiwarter,et al.  How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world , 2008 .

[80]  J. Ladha,et al.  Role of nitrogen fertilization in sustaining organic matter in cultivated soils. , 2011, Journal of environmental quality.

[81]  N. Kitchen,et al.  Chapter 13 – On-Farm Technologies and Practices to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency , 2001 .

[82]  G. Robertson,et al.  Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere , 2000, Science.

[83]  R. F. Follett,et al.  Nitrogen fate and transport in agricultural systems , 2002 .

[84]  P. Motavalli,et al.  Environmental Impacts of Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers , 2008 .

[85]  ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN OECD COUNTRIES SINCE 1990: Poland Country Section , 2008 .

[86]  E. Cowling,et al.  The Nitrogen Cascade , 2003 .

[87]  T. Ochsner,et al.  Urea Decreases Nitrous Oxide Emissions Compared with Anhydrous Ammonia in a Minnesota Corn Cropping System , 2010 .

[88]  R. Venterea.  Nitrite‐driven nitrous oxide production under aerobic soil conditions: kinetics and biochemical controls , 2007 .