Objetivo: Conhecer as indicacoes e os fatores relacionados ao procedimento de acesso venoso central em criancas de idade entre 0 e 2 anos internadas na UTINeonatal e Pediatrica do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao (HNSC), na Cidade de Tubarao, Santa Catarina,entre novembro de 2001 e novembro de 2005. Metodos: Estudo observacional, com delineamento transversal, constituido por pacientes com idade entre 0 e 2 anos submetidos ao procedimento de acesso venosocentral e que estiveram internadas na UTI Neonatal e Pediatrica do HNSC entre novembro de 2001 e novembrode 2005. Realizou-se a coleta de dados a partir de prontuarios dos pacientes.Resultados: Houve predominância do sexo masculino, 57,7%. A maior proporcao dos pacientes tinha idademedia de 2,47 meses. A administracao de hidratacao endovenosa e drogas foi a principal indicacao para o acesso (87,7%), seguida pela indicacao de nutricao parenteral em 60%. O cateter com calibre 17G foi o mais utilizado em todos os vasos dissecados, independente da idade. Em 99,2% a via de acesso utilizada foi a disseccaodo vaso. Dentre os vasos dissecados, a veia basilica foi a mais utilizada, 60,8% das vezes. Obito foi a causa da retirada do cateter em 30,8% das vezes. Complicacoes ocorreram em 10,2% dos casos, com predominio das complicacoes tardias (7,9%). Conclusao: Os cateteres inseridos em vasos centrais proporcionam um acesso vascular prolongado, com baixo risco de complicacoes e seguranca para o paciente. A veia basilica e uma via segura para se obter um acesso venoso central, com indices de complicacoesmuito baixos. As taxas de complicacoes encontradas no presente estudo foram menores que as encontradas naliteratura. Aim: Know the signs and the factors related to the procedure of central venous access in children from 0to 2 years old, hospitalized in Neonatal and Pediatric ICU (Intensive Care Unit) of Nossa Senhora da ConceicaoHospital (HNSC), in Tubarao city, Santa Catarina, from November 2001 to November 2005. Methods: observational study, with cross design,consisting by patients from 0 to 2 years old, submitted to the procedure of central venous access and who werehospitalized in HNSC Neonatal and Pediatric ICU from November 2001 to November 2005. Data collection wasmade from the patient's medical reports.Results: There was a predominance of male, 57.7%. The largest proportion of the patients had an average age of 2.47 months. The administration of intravenous hydration and drugs was the main indication for the access (87.7%), followed by the indication ofparenteral nutrition in 60%. The catheter with calibre 17G was the most used in all dissected vessels, regardlessof age. In 99.2%, the path of access used was vessel dissection. Among the dissected vessels, the basilic vein was the most used, 60.8% of the situations. Death was why the catheter was withdrawn in 30.8% of the situations. Complications occurred in 10.2% of cases, with predominance of late complications (7.9%). Conclusion: The catheters inserted in central vesselsprovided an extended vascular access, with low risk of complications, and safety for the patient. The basilicvein is a safe path to get to a central venous access with very low rates of complications. The rates of complicationsfound in this study were lower than those ones found in the literature.
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