Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

Abstract Geographic information systems are concerned with the organization, handling and retrieval of data whose spatial position or geographic pattern is of concern. This paper defines a geographic information system, explains some terms associated with geographical or spatial data, and discusses methods of organizing such data for flexible and efficient retrieval. The paper also reviews the analysis possibilities available using spatial data including computer mapping and other nongraphic analyses such as correlation and regression, descriptive spatial statistics, trend surface analysis, cluster analysis, and network analysis. Potential applications of geographic information systems are presented including their use in the areas of public health, resource management and public safety.