ONLINE URDU CHARACTER RECOGNITION IN UNCONSTRAINED ENVIRONMENT

[1]  Mokhtar Sellami,et al.  Rule Based Neural Networks Construction for Handwritten Arabic City-Names Recognition , 2004, AIMSA.

[2]  S. Sherman Tonic and burst firing: dual modes of thalamocortical relay , 2001, Trends in Neurosciences.

[3]  Y. T. Wu,et al.  A left-lateralized network for reading Chinese words: a 3 T fMRI study , 2001, Neuroreport.

[4]  Murray J. J. Holt,et al.  Recognition of Off-Line Cursive Handwriting , 1998, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[5]  Raed Abu Zitar,et al.  Development of an efficient neural-based segmentation technique for Arabic handwriting recognition , 2010, Pattern Recognit..

[6]  Jinchang Ren,et al.  Unconstrained Arabic Handwritten Word Feature Extraction: A Comparative Study , 2009, 2009 Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations.

[7]  Jun Guo,et al.  Emulating biological strategies for uncontrolled face recognition , 2010, Pattern Recognit..

[8]  Hamada R. H. Al-Absi,et al.  A Proposed Biologically Inspired Model for Object Recognition , 2009, IVIC.

[9]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  A new benchmark on the recognition of handwritten Bangla and Farsi numeral characters , 2009, Pattern Recognit..

[10]  Seiichi Uchida,et al.  Online character recognition using eigen-deformations , 2004, Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[11]  Gerhard Rigoll,et al.  Combination of multiple classifiers for handwritten word recognition , 2002, Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[12]  Mokhtar Sellami,et al.  Off-line handwritten Arabic character segmentation algorithm: ACSA , 2002, Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[13]  Ashok K. Goel,et al.  Biologically inspired design: process and products , 2009 .

[14]  M. Potter,et al.  Recognition memory for a rapid sequence of pictures. , 1969, Journal of experimental psychology.

[15]  Shigeki Sagayama,et al.  Substroke approach to HMM-based on-line Kanji handwriting recognition , 2001, Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[16]  Adel M. Alimi,et al.  On-line Arabic handwriting recognition system based on visual encoding and genetic algorithm , 2009, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[17]  Tomaso Poggio,et al.  Fast Readout of Object Identity from Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex , 2005, Science.

[18]  Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara,et al.  Multifont Arabic Characters Recognition Using HoughTransform and HMM/ANN Classification , 2006, J. Multim..

[19]  M. Pechwitz,et al.  IFN/ENIT: database of handwritten arabic words , 2002 .

[20]  Jinchang Ren,et al.  Knowledge-Based Baseline Detection and Optimal Thresholding for Words Segmentation in Efficient Pre-Processing of Handwritten Arabic Text , 2008, Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (itng 2008).

[21]  Yi Hu,et al.  A bio-inspired application of natural language processing: A case study in extracting multiword expression , 2009, Expert Syst. Appl..

[22]  Marwan Ali.H. Omer,et al.  Online Arabic handwriting character recognition using matching algorithm , 2010, 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE).

[23]  Amar Mitiche,et al.  Bayes Classification of Online Arabic Characters by Gibbs Modeling of Class Conditional Densities , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[24]  B. Zhou Bio-inspired study of structural materials , 2000 .

[25]  M. Goodale,et al.  Separate visual pathways for perception and action , 1992, Trends in Neurosciences.

[26]  Xuelong Li,et al.  Enhanced biologically inspired model , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[27]  R. Reid,et al.  Precisely correlated firing in cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus , 1996, Nature.

[28]  Quintin Gee,et al.  Implementation Challenges for Nastaliq Character Recognition , 2008, IMTIC.

[29]  Amar Mitiche,et al.  A new representation of shape and its use for high performance in online Arabic character recognition by an associative memory , 2005, International Journal of Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR).

[30]  O. Debande,et al.  Information and Communication Technologies: A Tool Empowering and Developing the Horizon of the Learner. , 2004 .

[31]  Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri,et al.  Online handwritten Bangla character recognition using HMM , 2008, 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[32]  Robert M. Haralick,et al.  A segmentation-free approach to text recognition with application to Arabic text , 1996, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[33]  Mokhtar Sellami,et al.  Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition Using HMMs with Explicit State Duration , 2007, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[34]  Chafic Mokbel,et al.  Arabic handwriting recognition using baseline dependant features and hidden Markov modeling , 2005, Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05).

[35]  I. Biederman Recognition-by-components: a theory of human image understanding. , 1987, Psychological review.

[36]  Liang-Gee Chen,et al.  Bio-inspired unified model of visual segmentation system for CAPTCHA character recognition , 2008, 2008 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems.

[37]  P. Adibi,et al.  NASTAALIGH HANDWRITTEN WORD RECOGNITION USING A CONTINUOUS-DENSITY VARIABLE-DURATION HMM , 2005 .

[38]  F. Shafait,et al.  Layout Analysis of Urdu Document Images , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Multitopic Conference.

[39]  Ebroul Izquierdo,et al.  A Biologically Inspired System for Classification of Natural Images , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[40]  Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara,et al.  Classification of Arabic script using multiple sources of information: State of the art and perspectives , 2003, Document Analysis and Recognition.

[41]  Zeeshan Shafi Khan,et al.  Combining Offline and Online Preprocessing for Online Urdu Character Recognition , 2009 .

[42]  Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara,et al.  Planar Markov modeling for Arabic writing recognition: advancement state , 2001, Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[43]  Hiromichi Fujisawa,et al.  Forty years of research in character and document recognition - an industrial perspective , 2008, Pattern Recognit..

[44]  B. Wandell Computational neuroimaging of human visual cortex. , 1999, Annual review of neuroscience.

[45]  K. Faez,et al.  An HMM-based online recognition system for Farsi handwritten words , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems.

[46]  Saeed Mozaffari,et al.  Lexicon reduction using dots for off-line Farsi/Arabic handwritten word recognition , 2008, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[47]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Online Writer-Independent Character Recognition Using a Novel Relational Context Representation , 2008, 2008 Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications.

[48]  Adel M. Alimi,et al.  2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Combining Multiple HMMs Using On-line and Off-line Features for Off-line Arabic Handwriting Recognition , 2022 .

[49]  Mohammad S. Khorsheed,et al.  Recognising handwritten Arabic manuscripts using a single hidden Markov model , 2003, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[50]  J. Subrahmonia SIMILARITY MEASURES FOR WRITER CLUSTERING , 2004 .

[51]  M. Mishkin A memory system in the monkey. , 1982, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[52]  C. S. George Lee,et al.  Neural fuzzy systems: a neuro-fuzzy synergism to intelligent systems , 1996 .

[53]  Enzo Mumolo,et al.  A Biological Inspired Robotic Auditory System Based on Binaural Perception and Motor Theory , 2006, AAAI Fall Symposium: Aurally Informed Performance.

[54]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  A New Large-Scale Multi-purpose Handwritten Farsi Database , 2009, ICIAR.

[55]  Paul D. Gader,et al.  Handwritten Word Recognition Using Segmentation-Free Hidden Markov Modeling and Segmentation-Based Dynamic Programming Techniques , 1996, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[56]  Muhammad Khurram Khan,et al.  Face Recognition using Layered Linear Discriminant Analysis and Small Subspace , 2010, 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology.

[57]  Fariborz Mahmoudi,et al.  Robust Handwritten Character Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Ventral Stream , 2008, Neural Processing Letters.

[58]  Leon N. Cooper,et al.  Biologically Inspired Hierarchical Model for Feature Extraction and Localization , 2006, 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06).

[59]  David H. Douglas,et al.  ALGORITHMS FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE NUMBER OF POINTS REQUIRED TO REPRESENT A DIGITIZED LINE OR ITS CARICATURE , 1973 .

[60]  Ramzi A. Haraty,et al.  Segmenting Handwritten Arabic Text , 2002 .

[61]  Chafic Mokbel,et al.  Combining Slanted-Frame Classifiers for Improved HMM-Based Arabic Handwriting Recognition , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[62]  James C. Bezdek,et al.  Generalized fuzzy c-means clustering strategies using Lp norm distances , 2000, IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst..

[63]  S.A. Khan,et al.  Urdu online handwriting recognition , 2005, Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Emerging Technologies, 2005..

[64]  Somaya Al-Máadeed,et al.  A data base for Arabic handwritten text recognition research , 2002, Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[65]  Gilbert Lazard,et al.  THE RISE OF THE NEW PERSIAN LANGUAGE , 1975 .

[66]  Denis Fize,et al.  Speed of processing in the human visual system , 1996, Nature.

[67]  Volker Märgner,et al.  HMM based approach for handwritten arabic word recognition using the IFN/ENIT - database , 2003, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[68]  Sabri A. Mahmoud,et al.  Survey and bibliography of Arabic optical text recognition , 1995, Signal Process..

[69]  S.B. Shouraki,et al.  A Novel Fuzzy Classifier using Fuzzy LVQ to Recognize Online Persian Handwriting , 2006, 2006 2nd International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies.

[70]  Ihtesham Haider,et al.  Online recognition of multi-stroke handwritten Urdu characters , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Image Analysis and Signal Processing.

[71]  N. Lesica,et al.  Encoding of Natural Scene Movies by Tonic and Burst Spikes in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[72]  Waqas Anwar,et al.  A Survey of Automatic Urdu Language Processing , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics.

[73]  Cheng-Lin Liu,et al.  Directional pattern matching for character recognition revisited , 2003, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[74]  Masakazu Suzuki,et al.  Identifying Subscripts and Superscripts in Mathematical Documents , 2008, Math. Comput. Sci..

[75]  Adnan Amin,et al.  Off line Arabic character recognition: a survey , 1997, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[76]  Alfredo Weitzenfeld,et al.  From schemas to neural networks: A multi-level modelling approach to biologically-inspired autonomous robotic systems , 2008, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[77]  Ramzi A. Haraty,et al.  Arabic Text Recognition , 2004, Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol..

[78]  N. Kanwisher,et al.  Visual word processing and experiential origins of functional selectivity in human extrastriate cortex , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[79]  Robert M. Haralick,et al.  Segmentation-free word recognition with application to Arabic , 1995, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[80]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Dissociation of object and spatial visual processing pathways in human extrastriate cortex. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[81]  Jonas Andersson,et al.  On-line Arabic handwriting recognition with templates , 2009, Pattern Recognit..

[82]  Hong Zhang,et al.  2009 Seventh International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition , 2009 .

[83]  Mohammed Zeki Khedher,et al.  A fuzzy expert system for recognition of handwritten arabic sub-words , 2007, 2007 9th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications.

[84]  Jing Hua,et al.  Localized feature selection for clustering , 2008, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[85]  R. W. Dobbins,et al.  Computational intelligence PC tools , 1996 .

[86]  V. K. Govindan,et al.  Character recognition - A review , 1990, Pattern Recognit..

[87]  Faruq A. Al-Omari,et al.  Handwritten Indian numerals recognition system using probabilistic neural networks , 2004, Adv. Eng. Informatics.

[88]  Abdel Belaïd,et al.  Multi-font Numerals Recognition for Urdu Script based Languages , 2009 .

[89]  Richard H. C. Bonser,et al.  Patented Biologically-inspired technological innovations: A twenty year view , 2006 .

[90]  Jong-Hoon Ahn,et al.  Online Character Recognition Using Elastic Curvature Matching , 2009, 2009 Seventh International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition.

[91]  A. Dehghani,et al.  Off-line recognition of isolated Persian handwritten characters using multiple hidden Markov models , 2001, Proceedings International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing.

[92]  J. Mantas,et al.  An overview of character recognition methodologies , 1986, Pattern Recognit..

[93]  Abdel Belaïd,et al.  Effect of Ghost Character Theory on Arabic Script Based Languages Character Recognition , 2009 .

[94]  Sriganesh Madhvanath,et al.  Principal component analysis for online handwritten character recognition , 2004, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004..

[95]  Madasu Hanmandlu,et al.  Unconstrained handwritten character recognition based on fuzzy logic , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[96]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  A New Large Urdu Database for Off-Line Handwriting Recognition , 2009, ICIAP.

[97]  S. Srihari,et al.  Variable duration hidden markov model and morphological segmentation for handwritten word recognition , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[98]  Awais Adnan,et al.  Urdu Nastaleeq Optical Character Recognition , 2007 .