Die Urinuntersuchung bei Hund und Katze, Teil 1: Physikalische und chemische Urinuntersuchung

Zusammenfassung Die Urinuntersuchung bei Hunden und Katzen ist ein wichtiger Baustein bei der Diagnostik von Erkrankungen des Harntrakts und systemischen Erkrankungen. Eine Routine-Urinuntersuchung besteht aus einer physikalischen und chemischen Urinuntersuchung sowie der Urinsedimentanalyse. Es stehen mehrere Urinsammelmethoden (Auffangen, Katheterisierung, Zystozentese) zur Verfügung, welche mit verschiedenen Vor- und Nachteilen verbunden sind. Je nach Untersuchungsschwerpunkt muss für jeden Patienten individuell die geeignete Methode gewählt werden. Die Urinuntersuchung sollte im besten Fall innerhalb von 30 Minuten nach der Gewinnung durchgeführt werden, da Urin anfällig für zeit- und lagerungsbedingte Veränderungen ist. Die physikalische Urinuntersuchung gliedert sich in die Bestimmung von Urinfarbe und -trübung sowie die Messung des urinspezifischen Gewichts, welches Auskunft über die Konzentration des Urins gibt. Letzteres wird mittels Refraktometrie bestimmt und ist stets im Zusammenhang mit dem Hydratationsstatus des Patienten zu beurteilen. Bei der chemischen Urinuntersuchung werden neben dem pH-Wert des Urins die Präsenz von Blut/Hämoglobin/Myoglobin, Protein, Glukose, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, Nitrit und Ketonen bestimmt. Hierfür werden meist handelsübliche Urinteststreifen verwendet, die stets gemäß der Herstellerempfehlungen gelagert und verwendet werden sollten und bei deren Auswertung veterinärmedizinische Besonderheiten beachtet werden sollten. Die physikalische und chemische Urinuntersuchung ist einfach und schnell durchführbar und liefert wichtige Informationen, die für die Diagnose oder den Ausschluss von vielen Erkrankungen unverzichtbar sind.

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