What is Computational Intelligence and what could it become ?

What is Computational Intelligence (CI) and what are its relations with Artificial Intelligence (AI)? A brief survey of the scope of CI journals and books with “computational intelligence” in their title shows that at present it is an umbrella for three core technologies (neural, fuzzy and evolutionary), their applications, and selected fashionable methods. At present CI has no comprehensive foundations and is more a bag of tricks than a solid branch of science. The change of focus from methods to challenging problems is advocated, with CI defined as a part of computer science devoted to solution of non-algoritmizable problems. In this view AI is a part of CI focused on problems related to higher cognitive functions, while the rest of the CI community works on problems related to perception and control, or lower cognitive functions. Grand challenges on both sides of this spectrum are addressed.

[1]  Wlodzislaw Duch,et al.  Towards Comprehensive Foundations of Computational Intelligence , 2007, Challenges for Computational Intelligence.

[2]  Zhengxin Chen.  Computational intelligence for decision support , 1999 .

[3]  Alan K. Mackworth.  The Coevolution of AI and AAAI , 2005, AI Mag..

[4]  Andrew Kusiak,et al.  Computational Intelligence in Design and Manufacturing , 2000 .

[5]  Randy Goebel,et al.  Computational intelligence - a logical approach , 1998 .

[6]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Metaphors We Live by , 1982 .

[7]  Miss A.O. Penney.  (b) , 1974, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[8]  John McCarthy.  The Future of AI - A Manifesto , 2005, AI Mag..

[9]  Jan Peters,et al.  Computational Intelligence: Principles, Techniques and Applications , 2007, Comput. J..

[10]  John Fulcher,et al.  Computational Intelligence: An Introduction , 2008, Computational Intelligence: A Compendium.

[11]  Allen Newell,et al.  Computer science as empirical inquiry: symbols and search , 1976, CACM.

[12]  R. Kurzweil.  The age of spiritual machines: when computers exceed human intelligence , 1998 .

[13]  Richard Reviewer-Granger.  Unified Theories of Cognition , 1991, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[14]  Edward A. Feigenbaum,et al.  Some challenges and grand challenges for computational intelligence , 2003, JACM.

[15]  Felix Stalder,et al.  The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence , 2001, CSOC.

[16]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Where mathematics comes from : how the embodied mind brings mathematics into being , 2002 .

[17]  Ramanathan V. Guha,et al.  Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project , 1990 .

[18]  Abraham Kandel,et al.  Computational Intelligence in Software Quality Assurance , 2005, Series in Machine Perception and Artificial Intelligence.

[19]  Włodzisław Duch,et al.  Towards Avatars with Artificial Minds: Role of Semantic Memory , 2007 .

[20]  Robert E. King.  Computational intelligence in control engineering , 1999 .