Maps as social constructions: power, communication and visualization

Two developments in cartography mark an epistemic break with the assumption that maps are unproblematic communication devices. These are 1) investigations of maps as practices of power-knowledge; and 2) ‘geographic visualization’ (GVis) which uses the map's power to explore, analyze and visualize spatial datasets to understand patterns better. These developments are key components of a ‘maps as social constructions’ approach, emphasizing the genealogy of power in mapping practices, and enabling multiple, contingent and exploratory perspectives of data. Furthermore, this approach is an opportunity for cartography to renew its relationship with a critical human geography.

[1]  John K. Wright.  Map Makers Are Human: Comments on the Subjective in Maps , 1942 .

[2]  Alfred Korzybski,et al.  Science and sanity : an introduction to non-aristotelian systems and general semantics / Alfred Korzybski , 1942 .

[3]  Francis D. Hole.  The Look of Maps , 1952 .

[4]  A. Robinson.  Elements of Cartography , 1953 .

[5]  Peter Haggett,et al.  Models in geography , 1968 .

[6]  Norma Banas,et al.  Visualization , 1968, Machine-mediated learning.

[7]  Mei-Ling Hsu,et al.  The fidelity of isopleth maps : an experimental study , 1970 .

[8]  M. Foucault,et al.  The archaeology of knowledge ; and, The discourse on language , 1972 .

[9]  Arthur H. Robinson,et al.  The Map As A Communication System , 1977 .

[10]  Arthur H. Robinson,et al.  The Map as a Communication System , 1977 .

[11]  A. H. Robinson,et al.  Cartography 1950-2000 , 1977 .

[12]  M. Foucault.  The Subject and Power , 1982, Critical Inquiry.

[13]  Denis Wood,et al.  Designs On Signs / Myth And Meaning In Maps , 1986 .

[14]  Sona Karentz Andrews.  Applications of a Cartographic Communication Model to Tactual Map Design , 1988 .

[15]  J. B. Harley,et al.  Silences and secrecy: The hidden agenda of cartography in early modern Europe , 1988 .

[16]  J. B. Harley,et al.  DECONSTRUCTING THE MAP , 1989 .

[17]  J. B. Harley,et al.  Cartography, ethics and social theory , 1990 .

[18]  Jeffrey S. Torguson,et al.  Cartography , 2019, Dictionary of Geotourism.

[19]  M. Foucault,et al.  The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction , 1990 .

[20]  Mark Monmonier,et al.  Ethics and Map Design: Six Strategies for Confronting the Traditional One-Map Solution , 1991 .

[21]  Barbara Belyea,et al.  IMAGES OF POWER: DERRIDA/FOUCAULT/HARLEY , 1992 .

[22]  J. Harley,et al.  Rereading the Maps of the Columbian Encounter , 1992 .

[23]  Judith A. Tyner.  Maps and the Columbian Encounter: An interpretive guide to the travelling exhibition , 1992 .

[24]  D. Wood,et al.  The power of maps , 1992 .

[25]  Judith A. Tyner.  Introduction to Thematic Cartography , 1992 .

[26]  Matthew H. Edney,et al.  Cartography without ‘Progress’: Reinterpreting the Nature and Historical Development of Mapmaking , 1993 .

[27]  A. MacEachren,et al.  Some Truth With Maps: A Primer on Symbolization and Design , 2011 .

[28]  Alan M. MacEachren,et al.  Visualization in modern cartography , 1994 .

[29]  Christian Jacob.  Selected papers from the 16th international conference on the history of cartography: Theoretical aspects of the history of cartography: Toward a cultural history of cartography , 1996 .

[30]  R. Golledge,et al.  Spatial Behavior: A Geographic Perspective , 1996 .

[31]  C. Smith.  Selected papers from the 16th international conference on the history of cartography: Theoretical aspects of the history of cartography: Why theory in the history of cartography? , 1996 .

[32]  J. Crampton.  Bordering on Bosnia , 1996 .

[33]  M. Edney.  Theory and the history of cartography , 1996 .

[34]  L. Yapa,et al.  What Causes Poverty?: A Postmodern View , 1996 .

[35]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Dynamic graphics in a GIS: more examples using linked software , 1997 .

[36]  Jonathan Taylor,et al.  THE EMERGING GEOGRAPHIES OF VIRTUAL WORLDS , 1997 .

[37]  R. Kitchin,et al.  Towards geographies of cyberspace , 1998 .

[38]  Terry A. Slocum.  Thematic Cartography and Visualization , 1998 .

[39]  Jeremy W. Crampton.  The Convergence of Spatial Technologies , 1998 .

[40]  J. Sempsey.  The death of distance: How the communications revolution will change our lives , 1998 .

[41]  Jennifer S. Light,et al.  From City Space to Cyberspace , 1999 .

[42]  Alan M. MacEachren,et al.  Constructing knowledge from multivariate spatiotemporal data: integrating geographical visualization with knowledge discovery in database methods , 1999, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[43]  M. Dodge.  The geographies of cyberspace , 1999 .

[44]  若林 芳樹,et al.  Spatial Behavior:A geographic Perspective , 1999 .

[45]  Jeremy W. Crampton.  Online Mapping: Theoretical Context and Practical Applications , 1999 .

[46]  Barbara P. Buttenfield,et al.  Usability Evaluation of Digital Libraries , 1999 .

[47]  Virtual geographies: The ethics of the Internet , 2002 .