Making the Pitch: Examining Dialogue and Revisions in Entrepreneurs' Pitch Decks

Research problem: The question: How Korean entrepreneurs in an entrepreneurship program revised their slide decks for their presentations (“pitches”) in response to professional communication genres representing feedback from potential stakeholders in their target markets is examined. Research questions: As entrepreneurs learn to pitch ideas to unfamiliar markets, how do they revise their slide decks for their pitches when interacting with other professional communication genres that represent the concerns of market stakeholders? Specifically, what changes do entrepreneurs make to the claims, evidence, and complexity of arguments in their pitches? Literature review: The professional communication literature demonstrates that the revision process tends to take place in documentation cycles where documents are set in interaction with each other. Yet such revision processes are not studied in detail in existing studies of entrepreneurial pitches in marketing and technology commercialization. Methodology: In this exploratory qualitative study, researchers textually analyzed 14 sets of five related document genres in the archives of an entrepreneurship program. These genres represented a full cycle of activity: application to the program, initial pitches, initial feedback from program personnel, detailed feedback from representative stakeholders in the target market, and revised pitches. Interviews and surveys of program personnel further contextualize the data. Results and conclusions: Entrepreneurs revised their claims and evidence based on their dialogue with their target market. Some of the entrepreneurs altered their slides to make more complex arguments rebutting stakeholders' concerns. These findings suggest that entrepreneurs engage in dialogue with their target markets, but their engagement tends to be guided by tacit, situated experience rather than through an explicit, systematized approach.

[1]  Mark Zachry,et al.  Negotiating with angry mastodons: the wikipedia policy environment as genre ecology , 2010, GROUP '10.

[2]  Christian Kowalkowski,et al.  Dynamics of Value Propositions: Insights from Service-Dominant Logic , 2011 .

[3]  Lorelei Lingard,et al.  Look Who’s Talking , 2006 .

[4]  Barbara Couture Discourse Interaction between Writer and Supervisor: A Primary Collaboration in Workplace Writing , 1991 .

[5]  Brett Cornwell 'Quicklook' commercialization assessments , 1998 .

[6]  T. Rintamäki,et al.  Identifying competitive customer value propositions in retailing , 2007 .

[7]  Rachel Spilka,et al.  Writing in the workplace : new research perspectives , 1994 .

[8]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  Toward a service-dominant logic-based theory of the market , 2011 .

[9]  Craig S. Galbraith,et al.  The Impact of Presentation Form, Entrepreneurial Passion, and Perceived Preparedness on Obtaining Grant Funding , 2014 .

[10]  Matthew W. Rutherford,et al.  Preparedness and Cognitive Legitimacy as Antecedents of New Venture Funding in Televised Business Pitches , 2012 .

[11]  Dorothy A. Winsor,et al.  Learning to Do Knowledge Work in Systems of Distributed Cognition , 2001 .

[12]  K. autorů The Cluetrain Manifesto - The End of Business as Usual , 2001 .

[13]  Charles E. Beck,et al.  Enthusiasm in technical proposals: verifying a method of lexical analysis , 1990 .

[14]  David V. Gibson,et al.  Facilitating public-to-private technology transfer through consortia: initial evidence from Korea , 2010 .

[15]  J. Jones Patterns of Revision in Online Writing , 2008 .

[16]  David Eichelberger,et al.  Speech Genres And Other Late Essays , 2016 .

[17]  Clay Spinuzzi,et al.  Secret Sauce and Snake Oil: Writing Monthly Reports in a Highly Contingent Environment , 2010 .

[18]  Sabrina Eberhart Tracing Genres Through Organizations A Sociocultural Approach To Information Design , 2016 .

[19]  Ellen S. O’Connor,et al.  Storied Business: Typology, Intertextuality, and Traffic in Entrepreneurial Narrative , 2002 .

[20]  Lester Faigley,et al.  Competing Theories of Process: A Critique and a Proposal. , 1986 .

[21]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[22]  Robert F. Lusch,et al.  A Stakeholder-Unifying, Cocreation Philosophy for Marketing , 2011 .

[23]  Oliver Brdiczka,et al.  Opportunities for proactive support of reuse and organizational learning in ad hoc collaborative work activity: A field study of proposal writing , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS).

[24]  T. Govier Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation , 2018 .

[25]  Huiling Ding,et al.  The Use of Cognitive and Social Apprenticeship to Teach a Disciplinary Genre Initiation of Graduate Students Into NIH Grant Writing , 2008 .

[26]  Steven Fraiberg,et al.  Reassembling Technical Communication: A Framework for Studying Multilingual and Multimodal Practices in Global Contexts , 2013 .

[27]  William Hart-Davidson,et al.  Researching proposal development: accounting for the complexity of designing persuasive texts , 2006, SIGDOC '06.

[28]  Tae Kyung Sung,et al.  Knowledge and technology transfer grid: empirical assessment , 2005, Int. J. Technol. Manag..

[29]  Erin Friess,et al.  Politeness, Time Constraints, and Collaboration in Decision-Making Meetings: A Case Study , 2011 .

[30]  Richard C. Freed,et al.  The Variables of Composition: Process and Product in a Business Setting. Studies in Writing & Rhetoric Series. , 1986 .

[31]  Julia E.W.C. van Gemert-Pijnen,et al.  Writing ISO-procdures. The use of sources , 1996 .

[32]  Maria Simosi Using Toulmin's Framework for the Analysis of Everyday Argumentation: Some Methodological Considerations , 2003 .

[33]  Dixie Goswami,et al.  Writing in Non-Academic Settings. , 1981 .

[34]  M. Banerjee,et al.  Beyond kappa: A review of interrater agreement measures , 1999 .

[35]  David I. Steinberg,et al.  The Republic of Korea: Economic Transformation and Social Change. , 1990 .

[36]  Marlo Rencher,et al.  Crossing the valley of death: A multi-sited, multi-level ethnographic study of growth startups and entrepreneurial communities in post-industrial Detroit , 2012 .

[37]  C. Bazerman,et al.  Writing Selves/Writing Societies: Research From Activity Perspectives , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication.

[38]  Daniel Perrin,et al.  Handbook of writing and text production , 2014 .

[39]  David V. Gibson,et al.  Incubating and Networking Technology Commercialization Centers among Emerging, Developing, and Mature Technopoleis Worldwide , 2003 .

[40]  Jonas Matthing,et al.  Key strategies for the successful involvement of customers in the co‐creation of new technology‐based services , 2008 .

[41]  Mary L Schuster,et al.  Victim Advocacy in the Courtroom: Persuasive Practices in Domestic Violence and Child Protection Cases , 2011 .

[42]  Kurt Paulus Crisis or change , 1991 .

[43]  Michael J. Salvo,et al.  The Rhetoric of Risk: Technical Documentation in Hazardous Environments , 2005 .

[44]  L. Varpio Mapping the Genres of Healthcare Information Work: An Interdisciplinary Study of the Interactions Between Oral, Paper, and Electronic Forms of Communication , 2006 .

[45]  S. Kotha,et al.  Entrepreneur Passion And Preparedness In Business Plan Presentations: A Persuasion Analysis Of Venture Capitalists' Funding Decisions , 2009 .

[46]  D. Russell Rethinking Genre in School and Society , 1997 .

[47]  S. Toulmin The uses of argument , 1960 .

[48]  A. Payne,et al.  Value propositions as communication practice: Taking a wider view , 2011 .

[49]  Erin Friess,et al.  Designing From Data: Rhetorical Appeals in Support of Design Decisions , 2010 .

[50]  Claudia MonPere McIsaac,et al.  Proposal Writing at Atherton Jordan, Inc. , 1990 .

[51]  S. Witte,et al.  Writing as an Embodied Practice , 2001 .

[52]  Jason Swarts,et al.  Cooperative writing: achieving coordination together and apart , 2004, SIGDOC '04.

[53]  J. Tidd,et al.  Innovation and Entrepreneurship , 2007 .

[54]  Clay Spinuzzi,et al.  20 Professional domains: Writing as creation of economic value , 2014 .

[55]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  On value and value co-creation: A service systems and service logic perspective , 2008 .

[56]  M. Bakhtin,et al.  Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics , 1985 .

[57]  William Hart-Davidson,et al.  Activity streams: building context to coordinate writing activity in collaborative teams , 2012, SIGDOC '12.

[58]  Anselm L. Strauss,et al.  Basics of qualitative research : techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory , 1998 .

[59]  David F Ballantyne,et al.  Creating value-in-use through marketing interaction: the exchange logic of relating, communicating and knowing , 2006 .

[60]  Christine M. Tardy,et al.  A Genre System View of the Funding of Academic Research , 2003 .

[61]  N. Hoffart Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory , 2000 .

[62]  A. Payne,et al.  A stakeholder perspective of the value proposition concept , 2011 .

[63]  Catharina von Koskull,et al.  Exploring value propositions and service innovation: a service-dominant logic study , 2015 .

[64]  Andrew Greenman,et al.  Entrepreneurial activities and occupational boundary work during venture creation and development in the cultural industries , 2012 .

[65]  Carolyn R. Miller Genre as social action , 1984 .

[66]  Christian Kowalkowski,et al.  The co-creative practice of forming a value proposition , 2012 .

[67]  H.E. Sales,et al.  The information structure of engineering proposals: Suggesting a taxonomy of information components for competitive proposals and a potential metric for information content , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference.

[68]  James B. Freeman,et al.  Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments , 1991 .

[69]  R. Kent-Drury,et al.  Bridging boundaries, negotiating differences: the nature of leadership in cross-functional proposal-writing groups , 2000 .

[70]  Linda S. Flower Revising Functional Documents: The Scenario Principle. Technical Report No. 10. , 1980 .

[71]  William B. Gartner,et al.  Innovation and Entrepreneurship , 1985 .

[72]  J. Hayes,et al.  A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing , 1981, College Composition & Communication.

[73]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  Market systems, stakeholders and value propositions , 2011 .

[74]  William Hart-Davidson,et al.  Content Management in the Workplace , 2011 .

[75]  Colin Clark,et al.  The impact of entrepreneurs' oral ‘pitch’ presentation skills on business angels' initial screening investment decisions , 2008 .

[76]  Toke Bjerregaard,et al.  Managing Unstable Institutional Contradictions: The Work of Becoming , 2014 .

[77]  Johnny Saldaña,et al.  The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers , 2009 .

[78]  J. Yusuf,et al.  THE ENTREPRENEUR-INVESTOR CHARISMATIC RELATIONSHIP: A DRAMATURGICAL APPROACH , 2011 .

[79]  M. Bakhtin,et al.  The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays , 1981 .